斤

See also: 觔 and 斥

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

斤 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹一中 (HML), four-corner 7222₁, composition ⿸𠂆丅 or ⿸𠂋丨)

1. Kangxi radical #69, ⽄.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese_radical/斤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13534
• Dae Jaweon: page 837, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2022, character 1
• Unihan data for U+65A4

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		斤
alternative forms		釿／𬬱 “axe” 觔／斤 “catty”

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斤
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蘄	*ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈	*ɡɯl
頎	*ɡɯl
旂	*ɡɯl
圻	*ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚	*ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls
岓	*ɡɯl
玂	*ɡɯl
沂	*ŋɡɯl
掀	*qʰan
釿	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn
齗	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn
听	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ
垽	*ŋrɯns, *qɯns
斤	*kɯn, *kɯns
菦	*kɯnʔ
靳	*kɯns
劤	*kɯns
勁	*kɯns, *keŋs
赾	*kʰɯnʔ
芹	*ɡɯn
近	*ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns
斦	*ŋɡɯn
欣	*qʰɯn
忻	*qʰɯn
昕	*qʰɯn
訢	*qʰɯn
炘	*qʰɯn, *qʰɯns
邤	*qʰɯn
庍	*qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs
焮	*qʰɯns

Pictogram (象形) - an axe.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīn (jin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn
• Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kin / kirn / kun

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹cin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jin
    • Wade–Giles: chin¹
    • Yale: jīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kin
    • Tâi-lô: kin
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kyn
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /kin⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kirn
    • Tâi-lô: kirn
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kun
    • Tâi-lô: kun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kwn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /kun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kun³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹cin
    • MiniDict: cin^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 斤
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕin²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕin²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕin³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕin²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕin³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕaŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕin¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕin³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕin³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕin⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kin⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kin²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/kɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kun⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kœyŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kɯŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/in²³/

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• Middle Chinese: kj+n

Rime
Character	斤
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉欣切
Baxter	kj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨn/
Li Rong	/kiən/
Wang Li	/kĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	斤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ər/
English	axe; catty
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	斤
Reading #	1/2
No.	6649
Phonetic component	斤
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	斤
Old Chinese	/*kɯn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 斤

1. catty, a unit of weight
   1. (Mainland China) catty or jin, a traditional unit of weight, equal to 0.5 kilograms
   2. (Hong Kong) catty or kan, a traditional unit of weight, legally defined as equal to 0.60478982 kilograms (公斤 or sometimes approximated as 500 grams)
   3. (Taiwan) catty, a traditional unit of weight, equal to 0.6 kilograms, also equal to 16 taels
2. axe; ax
3. keen; shrewd

See also

• 擔／担 (dān), 兩／两 (liǎng), 錢／钱 (qián), 分 (fēn), 金衡兩／金衡两, 金衡錢／金衡钱, 金衡分
• 公斤 (gōngjīn), 克 (kè)
• 臺斤／台斤 (táijīn)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīn (jin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jin
    • Wade–Giles: chin¹
    • Yale: jīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kj+nH

Rime
Character	斤
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居焮切
Baxter	kj+nH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨnH/
Li Rong	/kiənH/
Wang Li	/kĭənH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	斤
Reading #	2/2
No.	6653
Phonetic component	斤
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	靳
Old Chinese	/*kɯns/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 斤

1. Only used in 斤斤 (jīnjīn).

Further reading

• “Entry #807”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

斤

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. counter for loaves of bread

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
• Kun: おの (ono, 斤)

Compounds

Compounds

• 斤量(きんりょう) (kinryō): weight

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Korean

Hanja

斤 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 斤 (cân, rìu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.