松

See also: 鬆

Translingual

Han character

松 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木金戈 (DCI), four-corner 4893₂, composition ⿰木公)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 514, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14516
• Dae Jaweon: page 901, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1173, character 5
• Unihan data for U+677E

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (公) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
慃	*qroːŋʔ
袞	*kluːnʔ
蔉	*kluːnʔ
滾	*kluːnʔ
忩	*sʰloːŋ
鬆	*sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ
凇	*sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
公	*kloːŋ
蚣	*kloːŋ, *kljoŋ
翁	*qloːŋ
螉	*qloːŋ
蓊	*qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ
嗡	*qloːŋ
滃	*qloːŋʔ
暡	*qloːŋʔ
勜	*qloːŋʔ
塕	*qloːŋʔ
瓮	*qloːŋs
崧	*sqʰluŋ
菘	*sqʰluŋ
硹	*sqʰluŋ
淞	*sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
蜙	*sqʰloŋ
倯	*sqʰloŋ
松	*sɢloŋ
訟	*sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs
頌	*sɢloŋs, *loŋ
忪	*kljoŋ
彸	*kljoŋ
衳	*kljoŋ
伀	*kljoŋ
妐	*kljoŋ
炂	*kljoŋ
鈆	*kljoŋ, *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢloŋ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		松
simp. #		松
alternative forms		枩 柗 梥 枀

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sōng (song¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiùng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chêng / chhêng / siông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ / song⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹son

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: song
    • Wade–Giles: sung¹
    • Yale: sūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: song
    • Palladius: сун (sun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cung⁴
    • Yale: chùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: qiung^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qiung²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng
    • Tâi-lô: tsîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeeng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhêng
    • Tâi-lô: tshîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zheeng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông
    • Tâi-lô: siông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sioong
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /siɔŋ²⁴/

Note:

• chêng/chhêng - vernacular (chêng is more common in Xiamen and Quanzhou);
• siông - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sêng⁵ / song⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng / sông
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵/, /soŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• sêng5 - vernacular;
• song5 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹son
    • MiniDict: son^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹son
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /soŋ⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 松 (松樹)
Mandarin	Beijing	/suŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/suŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕyŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/səŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/syuŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/suŋ²¹/
	Xining	/suə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/sũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/soŋ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/soŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/səŋ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/suəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/suŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/sũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/soŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/soŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/jyɔ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/soŋ³³/ /t͡soŋ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/ ～毛 /suŋ⁴²/ ～香
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰiuŋ¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/suŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰoŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰuŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siɔŋ³⁵/ /t͡siŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/syŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sœyŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/soŋ⁵⁵/ /seŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/toŋ³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: zjowng

Rime
Character	松
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	祥容切
Baxter	zjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/zioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/zioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zuawŋ/
Li Rong	/zioŋ/
Wang Li	/zĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.ɢoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɢloŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	松
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sōng
Middle Chinese	‹ zjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.ɢoŋ/
English	pine (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	松
Reading #	1/1
No.	4115
Phonetic component	公
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	松
Old Chinese	/*sɢloŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 松

1. pine tree
2. fir tree
3. a surname

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 松 – see 鬆 (“disheveled; unkempt; loose; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 鬆).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

松

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
• Kun: まつ (matsu, 松, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 松子(しょうし) (shōshi): pinecone
• 松明(たいまつ) (taimatsu), 松明(しょうめい) (shōmei)
• 松(まつ)江(え) (Matsue)
• 松脂(まつやに) (matsuyani), 松脂(しょうし) (shōshi): pine resin

Etymology

Kanji in this term
松
まつ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

松(まつ) • (matsu) 

1. a pine tree
2. a pine branch decorated for the celebration of New Year
3. the highest rank of a 3-tier ranking system

Coordinate terms

• (rank):
  • 竹(たけ) (take): the middle rank
  • 梅(うめ) (ume): the lowest rank

Proper noun

松(まつ) • (Matsu) 

1. a surname

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Korean

Hanja

松 (eumhun 소나무 송 (sonamu song))

1. pine

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 松 (tùng, thông, tòng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Zhuang

Numeral

松

1. Sawndip form of song