柑

See also: 某

Translingual

Han character

柑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一 (DTM), four-corner 4497₀, composition ⿰木甘)

Derived characters

• 𦴑, 䈤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14619
• Dae Jaweon: page 907, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1177, character 3
• Unihan data for U+67D1

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		柑
alternative forms		甘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	*sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	*kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶	*ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	*ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

Etymology 1

Either the same etymon as 甘 (OC *kaːm, “sweet”) (Wang, 1982), or, in light of the citrus fruit's southern origin, possibly connected with Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaam (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kam / kaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gam¹
    • Yale: gām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam
    • Tâi-lô: kam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kam⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁴⁴/

Note:

• kam - literary;
• kaⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã³³/

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• Middle Chinese: kam

Rime
Character	柑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古三切
Baxter	kam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kam/
Li Rong	/kɑm/
Wang Li	/kɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柑
Reading #	1/1
No.	3653
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	甘
Old Chinese	/*kaːm/
Notes	甘轉註分化

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 柑

1. mandarin orange
2. tangerine

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (柑):

• → Vietnamese: cam (柑)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 柑 – see 拑 (“to grab; to pinch; to cling; to grip tightly”). (This character is an obsolete form of 拑).

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Japanese

Kanji

柑

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kun: みかん (mikan, 柑)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
柑
かん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 柑 (MC kam).

Affix

柑(かん) • (kan) 

1. citrus fruit

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 椪(ぽん)柑(かん) (ponkan, “ponkan”)
• 蜜(み)柑(かん) (mikan, “mandarin orange”)

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Korean

Hanja

柑 • (gam, geom) (hangeul 감, 검, revised gam, geom, McCune–Reischauer kam, kŏm, Yale kam, kem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 柑 (cam, cùm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.