科
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
科 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜十 (HDYJ), four-corner 24900, composition ⿰禾斗)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 850, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24950
- Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2595, character 7
- Unihan data for U+79D1
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
科 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 科 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰoːl, *kʰoːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl, “grain”) + semantic 斗 (“measuring tool”).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fo1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): kuŏ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1khu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ke
- Wade–Giles: kʻo1
- Yale: kē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
- Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fo1
- Yale: fō
- Cantonese Pinyin: fo1
- Guangdong Romanization: fo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khô
- Hakka Romanization System: koˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ko1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰo²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kuŏ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuo⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- khe/kher - vernacular (rare in Taiwan, not used in Zhangzhou);
- kho - literary.
- Middle Chinese: khwa
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːl/
Definitions
- sort; class; kind
- law; regulation
- (historical) imperial examination
- article; clause
- norms; rules
- division; branch (of study) (Classifier: 個/个)
- section; department
- (taxonomy) family
- to pass a sentence
- to check; to examine
- to punish; to fine or levy taxes
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kè
- Wade–Giles: kʻo4
- Yale: kè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keh
- Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: khwaH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːls/
Definitions
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
科
- grade
- categorized classes or the text of law
- graded crimes
- examinations graded in classes
- divide taxes or crimes
- a (circular) hole
Readings
- Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←くわ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: しな (shina, 科); とが (toga, 科)
- Nanori: しな (shina)
Compounds
References
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
科 |
か Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Suffix
科 or 科 • (ka or suffix) ←くわ (kwa)?[[Category:Japanese Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Invalid part of speech.
|か]]
- department, section
- (taxonomy) family
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
科 |
とが Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Noun
- crime; wrongdoing
- 1916, 森鷗外 (Mori Ōgai) [Mori Ōgai], translated by Takumi Kashima and Loretta Lorenz, 高瀬舟 (Takase-bune) [The Boat on the Takase River][1]:
- 高瀬舟に乗る罪人の過半は、いわゆる心得違いのために、思わぬ科を犯した人であった。
- Takasebune ni noru zainin no kahan wa, iwayuru kokoroechigai no tame ni, omowanu toga o okashita hito deatta.
- Over half of the prisoners on the boat were people who had been convicted for what we might call human mistakes, people who had unwittingly committed some serious offense.
- 高瀬舟に乗る罪人の過半は、いわゆる心得違いのために、思わぬ科を犯した人であった。
Korean
Hanja
科 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)
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.
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 科 (khoa)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Categories:
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Chinese terms with historical senses
- Chinese nouns classified by 個/个
- zh:Taxonomy
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading か
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading くわ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading くわ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しな
- Japanese kanji with kun reading とが
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading しな
- Japanese terms spelled with 科 read as か
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 科
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- ja:Taxonomy
- Japanese terms spelled with 科 read as とが
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters