膏

Translingual

Han character

膏 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月月 (YRBB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿱高月)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 992, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29800
• Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2103, character 8
• Unihan data for U+818F

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Chinese

trad.		膏
simp. #		膏

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
高	*kaːw
膏	*kaːw, *kaːws
篙	*kaːw
稿	*kaːwʔ
稾	*kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁	*kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞	*kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠	*kaːwʔ
槀	*kaːwʔ
藁	*kaːwʔ
燺	*kʰaːwʔ
薧	*kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒	*kʰaːws
蒿	*qʰaːw
藃	*qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪	*ɡaːw
毫	*ɡaːw
壕	*ɡaːw
濠	*ɡaːw
鎬	*ɡaːwʔ
滈	*ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗	*ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝	*ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃	*ɡaːwʔ
搞	*kruːʔ
敲	*kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇	*qʰraːw
嗃	*qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐	*kʰl'awʔ
歊	*qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞	*qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇	*qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻	*kʰraːwɢ
塙	*kʰraːwɢ
毃	*kʰraːwɢ
翯	*qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥	*qʰraːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw, *kaːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 肉.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāo (gao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kò
• Eastern Min (BUC): gŏ̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ko / ko͘ / kō

  (Teochew, Peng'im): go¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹kau

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gao
    • Wade–Giles: kao¹
    • Yale: gāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gau
    • Palladius: гао (gao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gou¹
    • Yale: gōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kò
    • Hakka Romanization System: goˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: go²
    • Sinological IPA: /ko¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko
    • Tâi-lô: ko
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koy
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ko⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
    • Tâi-lô: koo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kof
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kō
    • Tâi-lô: kō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ko³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: go¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ko
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹kau
    • MiniDict: kau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: kaw

Rime
Character	膏
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古勞切
Baxter	kaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaw/
Li Rong	/kɑu/
Wang Li	/kɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kˤaw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膏
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāo
Middle Chinese	‹ kaw ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.kˁaw/
English	lard (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膏
Reading #	1/2
No.	3727
Phonetic component	高
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	髙
Old Chinese	/*kaːw/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 膏

1. fat; grease; oil
2. paste; cream; ointment; poultice
3. sleek; glossy
4. oily; rich

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gào (gao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gou³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kò
• Eastern Min (BUC): gó̤

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gào
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gào
    • Wade–Giles: kao⁴
    • Yale: gàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaw
    • Palladius: гао (gao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gou³
    • Yale: gou
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gou³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kò
    • Hakka Romanization System: goˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: go²
    • Sinological IPA: /ko¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gó̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: kawH

Rime
Character	膏
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古到切
Baxter	kawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑuH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑuH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kawH/
Li Rong	/kɑuH/
Wang Li	/kɑuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤaw-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膏
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāo
Middle Chinese	‹ kawH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁaw-s/
English	smear with lard (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膏
Reading #	2/2
No.	3736
Phonetic component	高
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	誥
Old Chinese	/*kaːws/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 膏

1. to moisten; to grease; to lubricate
2. to apply (cream, ointment)
3. to dip a brush in ink

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Japanese

Kanji

膏

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• On (unclassified): こう (kō)
• Kun: あぶら (abura)

Compounds

• 亜鉛華軟膏(あえんかなんこう) (aenkanankō)
• 按摩膏(あんまこう) (anmakō)
• 内股膏薬(うちまたこうやく) (uchimatakōyaku), 内股膏薬(うちまたごうやく) (uchimatagōyaku)
• 眼軟膏(がんなんこう) (gannankō)
• 膏血(こうけつ) (kōketsu)
• 膏肓(こうこう) (kōkō)
• 膏薬(こうやく) (kōyaku)
• 石膏(せっこう) (sekkō)
• 石膏像(せっこうぞう) (sekkōzō)
• 軟膏(なんこう) (nankō)
• 絆創膏(ばんそうこう) (bansōkō)
• 二股膏薬(ふたまたこうやく) (futamatakōyaku)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
膏
あぶら Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 膏 – see the following entry.

【あぶら】 [noun] 油, 膏: oil Alternative spelling 油

(This term, 膏, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

膏 • (go) (hangeul 고, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.