自由

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Chinese

from; self; oneself
from; self; oneself; since
 
follow; from; it is for...to
follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to sb)
 
simp. and trad.
(自由)
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Etymology

Attestable from at least the Han dynasty; in modern Chinese, widespread use as wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese ()(ゆう) (jiyū, freedom, liberty).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 自由

  1. free; unconstrained
    現在感到心裡自由 [MSC, trad.]
    现在感到心里自由 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xiànzài gǎndào xīnli hěn zìyóu. [Pinyin]
    I feel really free now.

Adverb

Template:zh-adverb

  1. freely; unreservedly
    自由發表意見自由发表意见  ―  zìyóu fābiǎo yìjiàn  ―  to express one's views unreservedly

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 自由

  1. freedom; liberty
    婚姻自由  ―  hūnyīn zìyóu  ―  freedom of marriage
    出版自由  ―  chūbǎn zìyóu  ―  freedom of publication
    享有自由  ―  xiǎngyǒu zìyóu  ―  to enjoy freedom
  2. (philosophy) freedom

Antonyms

  • (philosophy: freedom): 必然 (bìrán)

Derived terms

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(deprecated template usage)


Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
ゆう
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

/d͡ʑiːu//d͡ʑijuː/

Apparently first imported from Middle Chinese 自由 (MC dzijH yuw) with an original meaning of roughly “arising from oneself”. Repurposed in the 1860s by Fukuzawa Yukichi as a translation of English freedom or liberty, as an extension of the original meaning: “freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction”.[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

()(ゆう) (jiyūじいう (ziiu)?-na (adnominal ()(ゆう) (jiyū na), adverbial ()(ゆう) (jiyū ni))

  1. free (as in freedom)
  2. flexible

Inflection

Noun

()(ゆう) (jiyūじいう (ziiu)?

  1. freedom, liberty
    ()(ゆう)のために(たたか)う。
    Jiyū no tame ni tatakau.
    We will fight for freedom.
    • 2002 July 18, “(だん)(あつ)される(たみ) [Oppressed People]”, in ユニオンの降臨 [Advent of the Union], Konami:
      いつの()()(ゆう)()にする(こと)ができると(しん)じて()()(せい)(かつ)()えている。
      Itsu no hi ka jiyū o te ni suru koto ga dekiru to shinjite hibi no seikatsu ni taeteiru.
      They endure every day of their lives, but they believe that they will have their freedom one day.
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    • 2016 January 22, “チャンドラの(ちか) [Oath of Chandra]”, in ゲートウォッチの誓い [Oath of the Gatewatch], Wizards of the Coast:
      それで(ひと)(びと)()(ゆう)()きられるのなら、そうね、ゲートウォッチになるわ。
      Sore de hitobito ga jiyū ni ikirareru no nara, sō ne, Gētowotchi ni naru wa.
      If it means that people can live in freedom, yeah, I’ll be one of the Gatewatch.
  2. (rare) demand (for goods or services)
  3. (euphemistic) a toilet, a restroom

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Chinese: 自由 (zìyóu)
  • Korean: 자유 (jayu)
  • Vietnamese: tự do

References

  1. ^ 1866: 西洋事情 (Seiyō Jijō, “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3
  2. ^ 2004: 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo, “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

自由 (jayu) (hangeul 자유)

  1. hanja form? of 자유 (freedom; liberty)

Kunigami

Noun

自由 (ziyū) (hiragana ぢゆー)

  1. freedom, liberty

Okinawan

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
ゆー
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 自由 (jiyū).

Pronunciation

Noun

()(ゆー) or 自由(じゆ) (jiyū or jiyu

  1. freedom, liberty
  2. as one expects

References

  • ジユー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

自由

  1. chữ Hán form of tự do (freedom; liberty).

Zhuang

Noun

自由

  1. Sawndip form of swyouz