質

See also: 貭 and 质

Translingual

Han character

質 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹中月山金 (HLBUC), four-corner 7280₆, composition ⿱斦貝)

Derived characters

• 儨, 𠘖, 𡂒(𫪪), 𡒻, 㜱, 𡦫, 懫, 㩫, 𤁩, 䑇, 櫍(𬃊), 𤢽, 瓆, 𪮽, 礩, 𬘋, 𧓳, 𬽟, 䜠, 𧸲, 躓(踬), 𨏑, 𨐿, 鑕(锧), 𩍵, 𩧄, 𩽄, 劕, 𨟊(𫟬)

Related characters

• 质 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36833
• Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3648, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8CEA

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Chinese

trad.		質
simp.		质
alternative forms		貭 筫 𫎘 𧸲

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (質) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
質	*tids, *tjid
躓	*tids
懫	*tids, *tjid
礩	*tjids, *tjid
櫍	*tjid
劕	*tjid
鑕	*tjid

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 斦 + 貝. Zhu Junsheng also interpret this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , where he regards 斦 as an original form of 櫍 (OC *tjid).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhì, zhí

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ, ㄓˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zat¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳt
• Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chit

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziêh⁴ / zioh⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷tseq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
    • Wade–Giles: chih²
    • Yale: jŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zat¹
    • Yale: jāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: zed¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziid`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
    • Tâi-lô: tsit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cid
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziêh⁴ / zioh⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsieh / tsioh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieʔ²/, /t͡sioʔ²/

Note:

• ziêh4 - Chaozhou;
• zioh4 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷tseq
    • MiniDict: tseh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tseq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡səʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 質
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡səʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sət̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/tʃït̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sit̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡si²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sioʔ²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sit̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyit

Rime
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之日切
Baxter	tsyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zat1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-lit/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjid/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyit ›
Old Chinese	/*t-lit/
English	substance, solid part
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	質
Reading #	2/2
No.	17401
Phonetic component	質
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	質
Old Chinese	/*tjid/
Notes	金文本從折聲

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 質

1. matter; material; substance
2. quality

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhì (zhi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳt / chṳ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chì / chit

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi³
    • Yale: ji
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt / chṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziid` / zii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵ / zi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚²/, /t͡sɨ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì / chit
    • Tâi-lô: tsì / tsit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cix, cid
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁴¹/, /t͡sit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡si¹¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²¹/, /t͡sit̚³²/

Note:

• chì - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
• chit - Taiwan, Xiamen, Quanzhou.

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• Middle Chinese: trijH

Rime
Character	質
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟利切
Baxter	trijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjiH/
Li Rong	/ȶjiH/
Wang Li	/ȶiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]<r>ip-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	質
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ trijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]<r>ip-s/
English	hostage; gift
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	質
Reading #	1/2
No.	17397
Phonetic component	質
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	致
Old Chinese	/*tids/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 質

1. to pawn
2. hostage

   人質／人质  ―  rénzhì  ―  hostage

3. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 贄／贽 (zhì, “gifts to superiors”).
4. a surname

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

質

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. content
2. characteristic
3. natural appearance
4. confirm
5. mortgage

Readings

• Go-on: しち (shichi, Jōyō); ち (chi, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō); ち (chi, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: もと (moto, 質); たち (tachi, 質); ただす (tadasu, 質す); しろ (shiro)
• Nanori: かた (kata); さだ (sada); さだむ (sadamu); すなお (sunao); ただ (tada); ただし (tadashi); ただす (tadasu); み (mi); もと (moto)

Alternative forms

• 貭 (variant)

Compounds

• 質(しつ)疑(ぎ) (shitsugi)
• 質実(しつじつ) (shitsujitsu)
• 質性(しつせい) (shitsusei)

• 質(しっ)素(そ) (shisso)
• 質朴(しんぼく) (shinboku)
• 質問(しつもん) (shitsumon)

• 質(しつ)量(りょう) (shitsuryō)
• 原形質(げんけいしつ) (genkeishitsu): protoplasm

References

• Template:S-JIS
• Template:JIS

Noun

Kanji in this term
質
しつ Grade: 5
on’yomi

質(しつ) • (shitsu) 

1. quality

Kanji in this term
質
しち Grade: 5
on’yomi

質(しち) • (shichi) 

1. pawn

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Korean

Hanja

質 • (jil, ji) (hangeul 질, 지, revised jil, ji, McCune–Reischauer chil, chi, Yale cil, ci)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 質 (chất, chát, chắc, chặt, chắt, chớt)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.