鯉

See also: 鲤

Translingual

Han character

鯉 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+7, 18 strokes, cangjie input 弓火田土 (NFWG), four-corner 2631₄, composition ⿰魚里)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1471, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46182
• Dae Jaweon: page 2003, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4691, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9BC9

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Chinese

trad.		鯉
simp.		鲤

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (里) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
埋	*mrɯː
霾	*mrɯː
薶	*mrɯː
榸	*ʔr'ɯː
厘	*rɯ
狸	*rɯ
貍	*p·rɯ
梩	*rɯ
艃	*rɯ
里	*rɯʔ
理	*rɯʔ
鯉	*rɯʔ
俚	*rɯʔ
悝	*rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː
娌	*rɯʔ
裏	*rɯʔ
荲	*r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ

Etymology

See the entry 雙鯉魚 for the figurative senses.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǐ (li³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lí / lē / lě

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐ
    • Wade–Giles: li³
    • Yale: lǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lei⁵
    • Yale: léih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: léi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
    • Tâi-lô: lí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen): /li⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
    • Tâi-lô: lē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: le
    • IPA (Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung): /le³³/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lě
    • Tâi-lô: lě
    • IPA (Lukang): /le³³/

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• Middle Chinese: liX

Rime
Character	鯉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	良士切
Baxter	liX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/lieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨX/
Li Rong	/liəX/
Wang Li	/lĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/liX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鯉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ liX ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-rəʔ/
English	carp (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鯉
Reading #	1/1
No.	7828
Phonetic component	里
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	里
Old Chinese	/*rɯʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 鯉

1. carp; especially common carp
2. (figuratively) messenger
3. (figuratively) letter; correspondence

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Japanese

Kanji

鯉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: り (ri)
• Kan-on: り (ri)
• Kun: こい (koi, 鯉)^{←こひ (kofi, 鯉, historical)}

Compounds

• 養(よう)鯉(り) (yōri, “carp farming”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鯉
こい Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

/ko₁pi₁/ → /kopi/ → /kofi/ → */kowi/ → /koi/

From Old Japanese, attested in the Nihon Shoki.

Noun

1. carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as コイ.

Synonyms

• カープ (kāpu)
• こ文字(もじ) (komoji, nyōbō kotoba)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鯉口(こいぐち) (koiguchi, “mouth of a (sword's) sheath”)
• 鯉(こい)のぼり, 鯉(こい)幟(のぼり) (koinobori, “carp streamer”)
• 伊勢(イセ)鯉(ゴイ) (Ise-goi)
• 寒(かん)鯉(ごい) (kangoi)
• 銀(ギン)湯(ユ)鯉(ゴイ) (gin'yu-goi)
• 似(ニ)鯉(ゴイ) (nigoi)
• 錦(にしき)鯉(ごい) (nishikigoi, “coloured carp”)
• 緋(ひ)鯉(ごい) (higoi)
• 真(ま)鯉(ごい) (ma-goi, “black carp”)
• 俎板(まないた)の鯉(こい) (manaita no koi)

See also

• 青(アオ)魚(ウオ) (aōo, “black carp”)
• 黒(コク)鰱(レン) (kokuren, “bighead carp”)
• 鯱(しゃちほこ), 鯱(しゃち)鉾(ほこ) (shachihoko)
• 草(ソウ)魚(ギョ) (sōgyo, “grass carp”)
• 白(ハク)鰱(レン) (hakuren), 鰱(レン)魚(ギョ) (rengyo, “silver carp”)
• 鮒(フナ) (funa, “crucian carp”)
• 腸(ワタ)香(カ) (wataka)

Proper noun

鯉(こい) • (Koi) ^{←こひ (kofi)?}

1. a surname

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Korean

Hanja

鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 鯉 (lí)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.