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==Korean==
==Korean==


===Hanja===
===Etymology 1===
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[악]], [[락]], [[요]]|eumhun=풍류|rv=ak, rak, yo|mr=ak, rak, yo|y=ak, lak, yo}}


====Hanja====
# {{defn|lang=ko|sort=木11}}
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=악|eumhun=노래 악}}

# [[music]]; [[tune]]; [[melody]]; [[song]]

===Etymology 2===

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=락|eumhun=즐길 락}}

# [[happiness]]; [[joy]]; [[pleasure]]

===Etymology 3===

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=낙|eumhun=즐길 낙}}

# [[happiness]]; [[joy]]; [[pleasure]]

===Etymology 4===

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja|hangeul=요|eumhun=좋아할 요}}

# to be [[fond]] of; to [[enjoy]]; to [[appreciate]]


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Revision as of 07:23, 22 January 2017

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See also: 乐

Translingual

Traditional 樂
Shinjitai 楽
Simplified 乐

Han character

樂 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女戈木 (VID), four-corner 22904, composition ⿱⿲幺白幺木)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 548, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15399
  • Dae Jaweon: page 936, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1280, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+6A02
  • Commons: category:樂

Chinese

trad. 樂
simp. 乐
alternative forms 楽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 樂
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
樂 *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ
轢 *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
濼 *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ
躒 *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
擽 *rawɢ, *reːwɢ
爍 *qʰljawɢ
鑠 *qʰljawɢ
藥 *lawɢ
櫟 *lawɢ, *reːwɢ
纅 *lawɢ
礫 *reːwɢ
瓅 *reːwɢ
皪 *reːwɢ
觻 *reːwɢ, *roːwɢ
嚛 *qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 糸 (“string”) + 木 (“wood”) – strings on a piece of wood, i.e. a wooden musical instrument.

The oracle bone form shows two strings connected to the wood. In the bronze inscriptions, a 白 component was added in between the two strings, which may either represent the thumb (fiddling) or a phonetic part.

Etymology 1

The etymological relationship between “music” and “joy” has been discussed in Wulff (1935) and Unger (1983). Unger draws comparison with the following semantic parallelism in Tibetan: རོལ་མོ (rol mo, “music”) and རོལ (rol, “to enjoy; to amuse oneself; to play”).

Pronunciation 1

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 樂

  1. music; tune; melody; song
    音樂／音乐  ―  yīnyuè  ―  music
  2. Short for 樂經／乐经 (Yuèjīng, “Classic of Music”).
  3. a surname
Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 樂
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 盧各切
Baxter lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lak̚/
Li
Rong 		/lɑk̚/
Wang
Li 		/lɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		luò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 樂
Reading # 2/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁawk/
English joy; enjoy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 樂
Reading # 2/3
No. 7673
Phonetic
component 		樂
Rime
group 		藥
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		落
Old
Chinese 		/*raːwɢ/
Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 樂

  1. joyful; happy; glad
  2. enjoyable; fun
  3. happiness; joy; pleasure
    樂趣／乐趣  ―  lèqù  ―  delight; pleasure
  4. † lasciviousness; lechery; decadence
  5. to laugh; to smile
  6. to enjoy; to love
Compounds

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Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Note: Largely merged into Pronunciation 2 in Mainland China.
Rime
Character 樂
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五敎切
Baxter ngaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠauH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚauH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋauH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋaɨwH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋauH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋauH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋauH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngaau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 樂
Reading # 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngæwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ŋ]ˁrawk-s/
English cause to rejoice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 樂
Reading # 1/3
No. 7670
Phonetic
component 		樂
Rime
group 		豹
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		樂
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋraːwɢs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 樂

  1. † to be fond of; to enjoy; to appreciate

Compounds

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Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 樂

  1. Used in placenames.
    樂亭／乐亭  ―  Làotíng  ―  Laoting County, Hebei Province
    樂陵／乐陵  ―  Làolíng  ―  Laoling, Shandong Province

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 樂
Reading # 1/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁawk/
English to cure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 樂

  1. † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 療／疗 (liáo, “to cure; to treat”).
    樂饑／乐饥  ―  liáojī  ―  to appease one's hunger

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 樂

  1. † sparse; thinly spread
  2. † Only used in 樂託／乐托 (“slack; unrestrained; desolate”).

Japanese

Kanji

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Readings

  • Go-on: がく (gaku), らく (raku)
  • Kan-on: がく (gaku), らく (raku)
  • Kun: たのしい (tanoshii), たのしむ (tanoshimu)

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

樂 • (ak)

  1. music; tune; melody; song

Etymology 2

Hanja

樂 • (rak)

  1. happiness; joy; pleasure

Etymology 3

Hanja

樂 • (nak)

  1. happiness; joy; pleasure

Etymology 4

Hanja

樂 • (yo)

  1. to be fond of; to enjoy; to appreciate

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 樂 (lạc, nhác, nhạc, nhạo)

  1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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