kalt
Central Franconian
Etymology
From Old High German *kald, northern variant of kalt, chalt. The variation between the stems kalt and kaal is due to the development -ald- → -āl-, which occurred only in open syllables.
Pronunciation
Adjective
kalt (masculine kaale, feminine kaal, comparative kaaler or kääler or kälder, superlative et kaalste or käälste or kältste)
- (most dialects) cold
- Loß’ mer heem john, ich hann kaal Föß.
- Let’s go home, my feet are cold.
Usage notes
- The commoner comparation forms were originally kaaler, et kaalste. Today, those with umlaut are preferred due to influence of German kälter, am kältesten.
Cimbrian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German kalt, from Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz. Cognate with German kalt, English cold.
Adjective
kalt
Further reading
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Dutch
Pronunciation
Verb
kalt
- (deprecated template usage) second- and third-person singular present indicative of kallen
- (deprecated template usage) (archaic) plural imperative of kallen
Anagrams
Faroese
Adjective
kalt
German
Etymology
From Middle High German and Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald.
Pronunciation
Adjective
kalt (strong nominative masculine singular kalter, comparative kälter, superlative am kältesten)
- cold, chilly; the physical perception of something (objects, weather, body etc.) to have a low temperature
- calm, restrained, passionless
- cold, frigid (especially when referring to emotions)
Usage notes
- German kalt means “cold”, but not “feeling cold”; therefore the sentence ich bin kalt (literally “I am cold”) would mean that one’s body has a low temperature, particularly that one’s skin is cold on the outside. The English “I am cold” (that is: I feel cold) is equivalent to German mir ist kalt (literally “there is cold to me”).
Declension
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist kalt | sie ist kalt | es ist kalt | sie sind kalt | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | kalter | kalte | kaltes | kalte |
genitive | kalten | kalter | kalten | kalter | |
dative | kaltem | kalter | kaltem | kalten | |
accusative | kalten | kalte | kaltes | kalte | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der kalte | die kalte | das kalte | die kalten |
genitive | des kalten | der kalten | des kalten | der kalten | |
dative | dem kalten | der kalten | dem kalten | den kalten | |
accusative | den kalten | die kalte | das kalte | die kalten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein kalter | eine kalte | ein kaltes | (keine) kalten |
genitive | eines kalten | einer kalten | eines kalten | (keiner) kalten | |
dative | einem kalten | einer kalten | einem kalten | (keinen) kalten | |
accusative | einen kalten | eine kalte | ein kaltes | (keine) kalten |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist kälter | sie ist kälter | es ist kälter | sie sind kälter | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | kälterer | kältere | kälteres | kältere |
genitive | kälteren | kälterer | kälteren | kälterer | |
dative | kälterem | kälterer | kälterem | kälteren | |
accusative | kälteren | kältere | kälteres | kältere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der kältere | die kältere | das kältere | die kälteren |
genitive | des kälteren | der kälteren | des kälteren | der kälteren | |
dative | dem kälteren | der kälteren | dem kälteren | den kälteren | |
accusative | den kälteren | die kältere | das kältere | die kälteren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein kälterer | eine kältere | ein kälteres | (keine) kälteren |
genitive | eines kälteren | einer kälteren | eines kälteren | (keiner) kälteren | |
dative | einem kälteren | einer kälteren | einem kälteren | (keinen) kälteren | |
accusative | einen kälteren | eine kältere | ein kälteres | (keine) kälteren |
Antonyms
- warm, heiß (objects, weather etc.)
- freundlich, passioniert (emotions)
Derived terms
- arschkalt
- bitterkalt
- die kalte Schulter zeigen
- hundekalt
- scheißkalt
- scheißekalt
- kalt bleiben - keep one's temper
Related terms
- Kälte f
Adverb
kalt
- (of rent-paying) as base rent; excluding utilities
- Antonym: warm
- Ich zahle 550 € kalt für meine Wohnung.
- I pay €550 base rent for my apartment.
Derived terms
Further reading
- “kalt” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “kalt” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “kalt” in Duden online
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to hit, strike”), cognates include Latin clādēs.[1] See the latter for more.
Pronunciation
Verb
kalt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kaļu, kal, kaļ, past kalu)
- to forge
- to hammer
- to chisel
- to coin (money)
- to mint (money)
- to shoe (a horse)
- to peck (of a woodpecker)
- to hew
Inflection
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | kaļu | kalu | kalšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | kal | kali | kalsi | kal |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | kaļ | kala | kals | lai kaļ |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | kaļam | kalām | kalsim | kalsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | kaļat | kalāt | kalsiet, kalsit |
kaliet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | kaļ | kala | kals | lai kaļ |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | kaļot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | kaļošs | ||
Past | esot kalis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | kaldams | ||
Future | kalšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | kaļot | ||
Imperative | lai kaļot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | kaļam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | kalis | |||
Present | kaltu | Present Passive | kaļams | ||
Past | būtu kalis | Past Passive | kalts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jākaļ | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | kalt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jākaļ | Negative Infinitive | nekalt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jākaļot | Verbal noun | kalšana |
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kalt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål
Verb
kalt
- past participle of kalle
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *kald, whence also Old Saxon kald, Old English cald, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds).
Adjective
kalt
Derived terms
Descendants
- Middle High German: kalt
Old Norse
Adjective
kalt
Pennsylvania German
Etymology
From Middle High German and Old High German kalt. Compare German kalt, Dutch koud, English cold.
Adjective
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Old High German
- Central Franconian terms derived from Old High German
- Central Franconian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Central Franconian lemmas
- Central Franconian adjectives
- Central Franconian terms with usage examples
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Cimbrian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian adjectives
- Tredici Comuni Cimbrian
- cim:Temperature
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑlt
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑlt/1 syllable
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Faroese non-lemma forms
- Faroese adjective forms
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German adjectives
- German adverbs
- German terms with usage examples
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian semi-palatalizing first conjugation verbs
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old High German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German adjectives
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse adjective forms
- Pennsylvania German terms inherited from Middle High German
- Pennsylvania German terms derived from Middle High German
- Pennsylvania German terms inherited from Old High German
- Pennsylvania German terms derived from Old High German
- Pennsylvania German lemmas
- Pennsylvania German adjectives