ail
English
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "UK" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /eɪl/
Audio (UK): (file) - Rhymes: -eɪl
- Homophone: ale
Etymology 1
From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan, from Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”), cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”).
Verb
ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailing, simple past and past participle ailed)
- (transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)
- Have some chicken soup. It's good for what ails you.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 21:17:
- What aileth thee, Hagar?
- 2011, "Connubial bliss in America", The Economist:
- Not content with having in 1996 put a Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) on the statue book, Congress has now begun to hold hearings on a Respect for Marriage Act. Defended, respected: what could possibly ail marriage in America?
- (intransitive) To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled.
- 1740, Samuel Richardson, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded
- When he ails ever so little […] he is so peevish.
- 1740, Samuel Richardson, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded
Quotations
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:ail.
Translations
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Noun
ail (plural ails)
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English eyle, eile, from Old English eġle (“hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus, “hard, difficult”).
Adjective
ail (comparative ailer or more ail, superlative ailest or most ail)
Etymology 3
From Middle English eile, eyle, eiȝle, from Old English eġl (“an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote”), from Proto-Germanic *agilō (“awn”). Cognate with German Achel, Egel, Ägel.
Alternative forms
Noun
ail (plural ails)
Anagrams
Dalmatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Noun
ail
References
- Ive, A. (1886) “L'antico dialetto di Veglia [The old dialect of Veglia]”, in G. I. Ascoli, editor, Archivio glottologico italiano [Italian linguistic archive], volume 9, Rome: E. Loescher, pages 115–187
French
Etymology
From Old French, from Latin allium.
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
- “ail”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸales-, from Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“stone”).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
ail f (genitive singular aileach, nominative plural aileacha or ailche)
Declension
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
|
- Archaic plural: ailche
Derived terms
- ail leachta, ail in úir (“headstone, monument”)
Related terms
Mutation
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
ail | n-ail | hail | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fales-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ail”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ail”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927) “ail”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society
- Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 22
Middle English
Etymology 1
Noun
ail
- Alternative form of ale (“beer”)
Etymology 2
Noun
ail
- Alternative form of hayle (“hail”)
Norman
Etymology
From Old French, from Latin allium.
Noun
ail m (uncountable)
Old Irish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Possibly from Proto-Celtic *ɸalos.[1] The declension was not stable at the start of the Old Irish period, with a shift from an i-stem declension to a k-stem declension ongoing.
Noun
ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)
Inflection
Feminine i-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ail | ailL | ailiH |
Vocative | ail | ailL | ailiH |
Accusative | ailN | ailL | ailiH |
Genitive | aloH, alaH | aloH, alaH | aileN |
Dative | ailL | ailib | ailib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Feminine k-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | ail | ailichL | ailich |
Vocative | ail | ailichL | ailchea |
Accusative | ailichN | ailichL | ailchea |
Genitive | ailech | ailech | ailechN |
Dative | ailichL | ailchib | ailchib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ail (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-ail |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Etymology 2
Verb
·ail
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
·ail (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | ·n-ail |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fales-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ail”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan.
Pronunciation
Verb
ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailin, simple past ailt, past participle ailt)
References
- “ail, v.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Welsh
20 | ||
← 1 | 2 | 3 → [a], [b] |
---|---|---|
Cardinal (masculine): dau Cardinal (feminine): dwy Ordinal: ail, eilfed Ordinal abbreviation: 2il Adverbial: dwywaith Multiplier: dwbl | ||
Welsh Wikipedia article on 2 |
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *ėl, from Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
ail (feminine singular ail, plural ail, not comparable) (precedes the noun, triggers soft mutation of all nouns)
- (ordinal number) second
- Synonym: eilfed
- yr ail lawr ― the second floor
Derived terms
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ail | unchanged | unchanged | hail |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/eɪl
- Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
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- English lemmas
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- English nouns
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- English adjectives
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- en:Grains
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin
- Dalmatian terms derived from Latin
- Dalmatian lemmas
- Dalmatian nouns
- Vegliot Dalmatian
- dlm:Alliums
- dlm:Spices and herbs
- dlm:Vegetables
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
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- fr:Alliums
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
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- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
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- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
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- Norman lemmas
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- Jersey Norman
- nrf:Spices and herbs
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Old Irish lemmas
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- Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Middle English
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- Scots terms derived from Old English
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- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Welsh/ai̯l
- Rhymes:Welsh/ai̯l/1 syllable
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh adjectives
- Welsh uncomparable adjectives
- Welsh ordinal numbers
- Welsh terms with usage examples