Appendix:Proto-Athabaskan reconstructions
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Proto-Athabaskan (Athapaskan) reconstructions by Krauss (1964):[1]
Krauss (1964)[edit]
| No. | English gloss | Proto-Athapaskan |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ear | *-džəx-əʔ |
| 2 | spruce gram | *džexʔ |
| 3 | leg | *-g̯ʷa-(dəʔ) |
| 4 | day | *g̯ʷe-n |
| 5 | beaver | *tšaʔ |
| 6 | grandmother | *-tšu(-) |
| 7 | weep | *-k̯ʷəx |
| 8 | dry wood | *k̯ʷəg̯ʷ |
| 9 | open mouth, yawn | *-tš’əx |
| 10 | elbow | *-tš’əšʔ, *-cʷ’əsɛʔ |
| 11 | wind (blows) | *-k̯ʷ’əx̯ |
| 12 | scratch (vb.) | *-k̯ʷ’ədʔ |
| 13 | I, me | *ši |
| 14 | summer | *še-n(-ə) |
| 15 | sun | *x̯ʷa |
| 16 | black | *-x̯ʷẽn |
| 17 | say | *-ni(ʔ) |
| 18 | head | *-tsiʔ |
| 19 | water | *tu |
| 20 | tooth | *-xʷuʔ |
| 21 | grab | *-k̯ud |
| 22 | creep | *-duns |
| 23 | good, pretty | *-x̯ʷun |
| 24 | stone | *tse |
| 25 | horn | *-deʔ |
| 26 | foot | *-keʔ |
| 27 | egg | *-xe(n)x̯ʷʔ-(əʔ) |
| 28 | charcoal | *t’exʷʔ |
| 29 | sky | *ya |
| 30 | louse | *yaʔ |
| 31 | father | *-taʔ |
| 32 | leaf | *-t’a-nʔ |
| 33 | plate | *ta’agʔ |
| 34 | mouth | *-sadʔ |
| 35 | smoke | *łəd |
| 36 | liver | *-sədʔ |
| 37 | belly | *-wədʔ |
| 38 | flesh | *-tsənʔ |
| 39 | bone | *-ts’ən |
| 40 | bone (possessed) | *-ts’ənəʔ |
| 41 | sticks | *-k̯ən |
| 42 | sip | *-x̯ʷəx̯ʷ |
| 43 | hook | *(-)x̯ʷəx-ł |
| 44 | hat | *-tš’əx(-əʔ) |
| 45 | heel | *-tAdlʔ |
| 46 | willow | *k’Ax̯ʔ |
| 47 | dry | *-gAn |
| 48 | claw, nail | *-gAnəʔ |
| 49 | rabbit | *gAx |
| 50 | winter | *xAx̯ |
| 51 | husband | *-kAnʔ |
| 52 | cloud | *kʷ’Us |
| 53 | thorn | *xʷUx̯ʷ |
| 54 | frost, dampness | *x̯ʷUxʷ |
| 55 | knee | *-gUdʔ |
| 56 | fire | *kʷUnʔ |
| 57 | star | *sUnʔ, *tsUnʔ |
| 58 | housefly | *dUn |
| 59 | poke | *-gʷed, *-gʷəd |
| 60 | abscess | *k̯ʷəg̯ʷʔ, *k̯ʷ’əg̯ʷʔ |
| 61 | crossing over | *-tes, *-təs |
| 62 | tight | *k̯’edʔ, *-k̯’ədʔ |
| 63 | big | *-k̯axʷʔ ~ *-k̯Axʷʔ |
| 64 | feathers | *-k̯udz-əʔ |
| 65 | yellow | *-tsUxʷ ~ *-tsuxʷʔ |
| 66 | cottonwood | *t’əxs |
| 67 | alder | *k’ə(x)ʷ |
| 68 | snake | *tl’əxx̯ʷ |
| 69 | squirrel | *tsəłx̯ʔ |
References[edit]
- ^ Krauss, Michael E. 1964. Proto-Athapaskan-Eyak and the Problem of Na-Dene: The Phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Apr., 1964), pp. 118-131. University of Chicago Press.