Appendix:Proto-Totonacan reconstructions
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Proto-Totonacan (Proto-Totonac-Tepehua) reconstructions:[1]
MacKay & Trechsel (2018)
[edit]| no. | gloss | Proto-Totonac-Tepehua |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | spicy | *ɬkaka |
| 2 | ash(es) | *ɬk’ak’a |
| 3 | dances | *ƛ’ii-ya |
| 4 | vomits | *p’aƛ’an-ya |
| 5 | ear of corn | *ƛ’aqƛ’a |
| 6 | counts | *puuƛ’aq’i-ya |
| 7 | walks | *ƛ’aawan-ya |
| 8 | pot, pitcher | *ƛ’amank |
| 9 | bends, breaks, twists | *taƛ’aq’i-ya |
| 10 | ripe, mature | *k’aƛa’ |
| 11 | wins, earns | *ƛaha-ya |
| 12 | tires, gets tired | *ƛaqwan-ya |
| 13 | talks to X, greets X | šaqaƛii-ya |
| 14 | makes, does | *ƛawa-ya |
| 15 | avocado tree | *kukaƛiiɬi |
| 16 | nettle | *qahni |
| 17 | lime (mineral) | *qaštah |
| 18 | dust, powder | *puqšni |
| 19 | flea | *aq¢’iis |
| 20 | wasp | *qalaati |
| 21 | turtle | *qahin |
| 22 | knee | *¢uqutni |
| 23 | tomato | *paqɬča |
| 24 | plays | qamaanan-ya |
| 25 | whistles | *squli-ya |
| 26 | infant, baby | *sq’at’a |
| 27 | heron | *luuq’u |
| 28 | tongue | *siimaq’aati |
| 29 | egg | *q’aɬwaati |
| 30 | yucca | *q’ušq’ihu |
| 31 | gourd | *q’aaši |
| 32 | washes X | *č’aq’aa-ya |
| 33 | salty | *sq’uq’u |
| 34 | steals, steals X | *q’aɬa- |
| 35 | remembers, remembers X | *paastak’-ya |
| 36 | piles X up | *maast’uq’-ya |
| 37 | drinks, drinks X | *q’ut’-ya |
| 38 | hears, hears X | *qašmat’-ya |
| 39 | returns | *tasp’it’-ya |
| 40 | cuts X | *sit’-ya |
| 41 | squeezes X | *č’it’-ya |
| 42 | unties X | *škut’-ya |
| 43 | picks X up | *sak’-ya |
| 44 | writes, writes X | *¢’uq’-ya |
| 45 | foam | *puputi |
| 46 | neck-related (body-part prefix) | *piš- |
| 47 | pig | *p’ašni |
| 48 | cuts X | *p’uš-ya |
| 49 | louse | *skaata |
| 50 | sleeps | *ɬtata-ya |
| 51 | two | *-t’uy |
| 52 | sells X | *st’aa-ya |
| 53 | mouth | *kiɬni |
| 54 | hand-related (body-part prefix) | *maka- |
| 55 | knows X | *k’a¢ii-ya |
| 56 | year | *k’aata |
| 57 | tooth-related (body-part prefix) | *ta¢a- |
| 58 | breast | *¢’ík’iiti |
| 59 | stone | *čiwiš |
| 60 | sugar cane | *č’ankati |
| 61 | rain | *saʔiini |
| 62 | blows X | *sunu-ya |
| 63 | sweet | *saqsi(ʔ) |
| 64 | bitter | *suuni |
| 65 | eats | *wahin-ya |
| 66 | is lying down, is supine | *maa-ɬi |
| 67 | lizard | *slul |
| 68 | is seated | *wii-ɬi |
| 69 | liver | *ɬwak’ak’a |
| 70 | throws X, throws X away | *maq’an-ya |
Brown et al. (2014)
[edit]Additional Proto-Totonacan reconstructions by Brown, Wichmann & Beck (2014).[2]
| gloss | Proto-Totonacan |
|---|---|
| ‘brain’ | *(a'k)skititi |
| ‘proximal, this, here-’ | *a'n- |
| ‘dark, night' | *ȼiː's |
| ‘meat’ | *kiníːt |
| ‘to be cold’ | *ka's- |
| ‘head (prefix)’ | *kuk- |
| ‘oak’ | *kukat |
| ‘pretty, handsome’ | *ku'si |
| ‘face, planar surface’ | *laka- |
| ‘bone’ | *lukuti |
| ‘to be lying’ | *paː' |
| ‘belly, side’ | *paːn |
| ‘cloud’ | *puqɬ(ni) ~ *pukɬ(ni) |
| ‘to fold’ | *qa'ps- |
| ‘nixtamal’ | *qa'waː |
| ‘to cut with blade’ | *sit- |
| ‘to peel something (inner skin, outer layer)’ | *suː ~ *šuː |
| ‘flowerV’ | *ša'ná |
| ‘water, rain’ | *škaːn |
| ‘fire, burn’ | *šqu |
| ‘that (medial)’ | *ta' |
| ‘proprietary spirit’ | *tiːkúː' |
| ‘land, earth’ | *ti'ya't |
| ‘to sew’ | *¢a'pá' |
| ‘chew’ | *¢a'qá' |
| ‘cricket’ | *¢iː'š ~ ¢iː's |
| ‘heavy’ | *¢i'nk- |
| ‘frog’ | *waq |
| ‘medial’ | *a'n |
| ‘proximal’ | *aː |
| ‘specific/distal’ | *ta' |
| ‘demonstrative’ | *w ~ *u |
| ‘proximal’ | *w + aː |
| ‘be lying’ | *w + maː' |
| ‘medial’ | *w + a'n |
References
[edit]- ^ MacKay, Carolyn J., Trechsel, Frank (2018) “An alternative reconstruction of Proto-Totonac-Tepehua”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 84, number 1, The University of Chicago, , pages 51–92
- ^ Brown, Cecil H.; Søren Wichmann; David Beck. 2014. Chitimacha: a Mesoamerican language in the Lower Mississippi Valley. International Journal of American Linguistics 80: 425-474.