Appendix:Esselen word list

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Esselen word list:

Shaul (2019)

[edit]

The following Esselen word list is selected from lemmas in Shaul's (2019) English-Esselen appendix. Grammatical morphemes and function words in Shaul's (2019) list are generally not included.[1]

English gloss Esselen
abalone klači
acorn palatsa
alive tivi
and pa
animal ka
ant tsoi-
arms lulu-sax; xušu
arrow loto-s; pawi
aunt eči-x
backbone čawi-sax
bad pač
basket, water-tight tsila
basket, winnowing šaka
bear (animal) kóltala
beard koṭ, i-s-
belly/stomach we-
bird (generic) čaphis
blanket, rabbit skin ehe-pas; hitita
blood xa-na, ma-
body mepxel ~ menxel
boiling pulpul-ki
bone ya, i-
bow paxu-nax
breast šexo-sax
brother i’its
brother (older) ei-š
brother-in-law wi-s, i-
canyon čun, ku-
chief/lord tama, pa-
child pana ~ -pna
child (?) -xwek
clear xemel-
cloud(s) meč
coals/fire a-nax
cold, be sutu-ki
come iyu
command/order tel-pa, te-
cooking basket apitmakus
copulate čimaša
cough (n.) poxwela
coyote mačka-
crab čawa
crow iška
cry šawa
current of water, moving water čololo-
cut xelu-.
cypress tsumir
dance (n.) lél-ima
dance, to mepe
dark tu-ma- ~ to-ma-
dark, black ala-ki
daughter le-ta
day na-tu-s, i-
deer ami-sax
devil(ish) čox-pa, ha-
die čunai-~ čupa-; moho
dizzy ma
do paya
do, make iha, he-s-
dog hučuma-s
door isa-nax
dove šilik
down, go; descend tupxu
drink (n.) luku
drink, to eše ~ etse
drunk ma; hi, ti-
dry (not running) asp-ki
dying po-š-ke, te-
ear(s) tuksusu; tuxus
earth mak-; matsa
eat ama; iya, hu‘-; šošoya
evening tsu, i-
expanse (sea, sky) imi-
eye(s) a‘ha ~ ka; ka; pa, hi-k-
face awa
false taxite
far kuwe-no
farting, be ekšusoyi
fasten, tie kimanu, na-
father a‘ats ~ aṭ; awi; aya-m
father-in-aw laša‘ú
feline (?) katas
find, to ta’a
finger čuli-s, tu-
fire mama-mex, ma-
fish (cabezon ?) kini-la
fish (n.) koxlkoxl
fish(n.) kalu-l
fish, needle si‘iriši-pša
five mamak-; pemakxala; walanai
flea hawi; woxe-hawi
flour muxe
flow sum
fly (insect) mumiru-x
fog ša-nax
foot kxele
forget alenei-pa
four amano; kxamakxu-s
fox huni-ša
friend efe; kxumus-ke
gamble suiyuhu
get up ákxi-písi
give xe ~ xwe-sa, to- ~ tu-
go nene ~ neni; iya-
go! / look! apsula
good/well sale-
gopher tana-ni
grandfather etxi, m-
grandmother i’apa-t
grass miča-nax, a-
grasshopper poloko-ni
guard xawi
hair (body) xata-sax
hair (head) haka
hand tala-nax
happy hila-pa
hat pamuko
have (?) -mint
hawk šewke-s-upša
head kxata-sax; xisi
healthy foila
heart tika-s
heart/soul maša-nax
hill ayo-la
hip hiskisi; kxetek
hit ma-
hole ke; mu-sa, i-
honor, to heya, ta-
house awa; iwa
how many? konumis
hummingbird umuni-pša
hungry šai-pa, ma-
hunt, to k-ama
intelligent elpa-pis
intestines pxats-ku, a-
jackrabbit samás
join ače-pa
joke teni-n-
judge sos-
jug ku‘ux
kill ma-; pe, hi-k-
knife kuma-l
lacking ala-
laugh ake-
legs piyá-s
light (complexion) helel-ki
light (not dark) xetsa
linnet, sparrow sipuča-n
lizard (cachora) mexile-n
lizard (camaleón) memnen
load mi
love kolo
made of lauya
man exe
mano (pestle) kuše
meat totsi
mortar pama
mosquito palaka
mother atsia; če’e
mother-in-law siki-s, i-
mountain polomo
mountain lion xeke-s
mouth katus-nax
mouth/lips iše ~ iši
much yaya
mush (of acorns) tserwin
mussels, barnacles halakal
nails uloxi
name (n.) map
named, be lep
neck wowe-I
necklace amheni
nice, be we-pas, o-
niece tuts-ú
nose/nostril hoši-
nuisance ani-x; tse‘e-s
oak (white) has
obey loi-pa, o-
observant, watchful tei-pa
observe rules sasipi ~ tsasipi, sipa-
old hesi
old man lali-hesi
old woman uiya-n
one pek ~ pehe
only sinu
or kes
otter šušuči-pša
owl čai; tukunu-pša
paint čem-pa
pelican yeyexim
penis kawo
person xe-
pine xái, i-
pipe šuknaš
plains, valley yo-Iax, i-
point (of arrowhead, flint) (n.) ye-s
porpoise pašiši‘i
pot ša’at
pregnant sala-
purify, cure, revive mo‘es(a), na-
put, to ménaxu
quail kumul
rabbit (cottontail) čiši
raccoon šašla-na
rat make-l
rattlesnake ipisikša; tsetselka-mati
raven kakalu
reed(s) kapa-na
return (come back) make
return (previous state) exwe-pa
revert op-
right (not left) ašu
roast, bake iš-pa
Rock, the xwelo
root (underground) pimi
roots, grass (used for basketry) šeče
run šana-
salamander mekele-pša
saliva makola
salmon kelenai; kiliwa; tali-n
salt halana
sardine tupúr
say mi-
scratching šowi-n
seagull sawara-n
seal opapus
seeds, edible yampa
shark temeč
shoot kwi, u-
sick maka; toči-s, ma-
sing (iv.) mawi
sister iči
sit koso-n(a/o)
sixteen pešiš
skin (n.) tse-kxa-š
sky ot
sleep ati-; po-ko-nisi; tolo
small kxu-
smoke (n.) čaha
smoke (tobacco) šuknaš
smoking (iv.) xuma
snow (n.) matsexo
son šilma
speak/talk al-pa
speaking kawa
spotted suhulul
spouse (?) hawi
squirrel he’e-x
squirrel (ground) mexe
star amu ~ amua
stay, remain kanai
steal, rob xuma
stone ila-x; šefe
stupid fuexe; alexa-pa
sun aši
surface sala
swordfish anayawa
take yu
tar šikili
target talo-x
tell kolxala-; mul-pa, hu-
ten tomoila
ten (for teens) elenai
thigh we-kxe’e
thing hekei; lexi-s
think loxma
three kxulef; xamaxo
tired mauwi-pa
toad analai
tobacco ka’a
today ma-ša-pa
tongue wele-l
tooth a‘u-r ~ awu-r
tree lawi-s
true man-taxite
tule walusi
tuna, red koloiča
two kxulak ~ ulax
uncle tsa-’ú
unload kuš-, u-
up, go; ascend yaxan
vagina, womb sixiha
virgin sami-s, i-
wait! taxosa
wake up nehi
water asa- ~ ase-
whale čeme-pša
wildcat toloma-x
wolf humu-x
woman uyu-n
woman, female ta
wood i’i
yes ike

Shaul (1995)

[edit]

Shaul (1995) reconstitutes Esselen vocabulary, synthesized from various historical sources, as follows.[2] Forms from Alfred L. Kroeber are marked by (Kr).

gloss Esselen
adult -nVč
all komVnam
arrow lóto-s
bear koltála
bow paxu-nax
child/son pana
cry siawa
dance mepV, mef-
dark tumas (Kr)
day asátsa
die moho
dog šošo
drink etse, eše
ear tus-usp (Kr)
earth maṭa, matsa
eight kxulef-walanai
eyes -ikxpa
father haya
female ta-
five pemakxa-la
foot kxéle
four kxamakxu-s
friend -efe
girl soléta
give toxésa
good/well sale-
grandfather meči
ground squirrel mexe
hair haka
head kxáta-sVx
large putú-ki; yakí-s-ki
man exe-
mother atsia
mountain polomo
mountain lion xeke-s
mouth iši
nails uluxV
night tomani-s
nose xoši
one pek
person efexe
pinole amúxe
plain yala-x
quail kumul (Kr)
rabbit (cottontail) čiši, čis-
salmon kilí-
seal opopa-pas
seven kxula-walanai
six pek-walanai
sky imi-
small ukxu-s-ki
speak al-pa
sun aši
teeth awur
ten tomóila
three kxulep
two kxulax
water asa-nax
where kéya-
who kíni
wildcat toloma
wood i'i
yes íke

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shaul, David (2019). Esselen studies: language, culture, and prehistory. Munich: Lincom Europa. →ISBN
  2. ^ Shaul, David L. 1995. "The Huelel (Esselen) Language." International Journal of American Linguistics 61:191-239.
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