Appendix:Proto-Central Otomian reconstructions
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Proto-Central Otomian reconstructions (i.e., reconstruction of the proto-language ancestral to Otomi and Mazahua) by Newman & Weitlaner (1950):[1]
Newman & Weitlaner (1950)[edit]
| No. | English gloss | Proto-Central Otomian | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | to lose | *ʔbɛdi | |
| 2 | grandchild | *ʔbɛtio | |
| 3 | to be | *ʔbqi | |
| 4 | music | *ʔbidia | |
| 5 | to come | *ʔẽhẽ | |
| 6 | to hurt | *ʔə | |
| 7 | chile | *ʔi | |
| 8 | sour | *ʔiši | |
| 9 | broom | *ʔmbaši | |
| 10 | road | *ʔñiũ | |
| 11 | nothing | *ʔotho | |
| 12 | salt | *ʔõ | |
| 13 | flea | *ʔɔ | |
| 14 | potato | *ʔrokʔa | |
| 15 | to hear | *ʔʌde | |
| 16 | hen | *ʔʌni | |
| 17 | maguey | *ʔwadia | |
| 18 | to rot | *ʔya | |
| 19 | carpenter | *ʔyaši | |
| 20 | hand, arm | *ʔyɛ | |
| 21 | root | *ʔyə | |
| 22 | to be fragrant | *ʔyəri | |
| 23 | metate rolling pin | *ʔyiq | |
| 24 | neck | *ʔyiəgia | |
| 25 | reed | *ʔyio | |
| 26 | dog | *ʔyo | |
| 27 | dry | *ʔyori | |
| 28 | to dry | *ʔyotʔi | |
| 29 | to empty | *ʔyʌri | |
| 30 | to do | *ʔyʌtʔe | |
| 31 | tail | *cʔə | |
| 32 | bad, dirty | *cʔo | |
| 33 | to spit | *cʔogi | |
| 34 | to injure | *cʔori | |
| 35 | to bite (p-Otomi); to swallow, to devour (p-Mazahua) | *ca | |
| 36 | cold | *cɛ | |
| 37 | to obtain | *cədi | |
| 38 | to suck | *cəti | |
| 39 | to eat, to drink | *ci | |
| 40 | fire | *cibi | |
| 41 | to suck | *ciə | |
| 42 | female | *cu | |
| 43 | eagle | *čəni | |
| 44 | big | *dã | |
| 45 | water | *dehe | |
| 46 | bottle gourd | *dɛmiũ | |
| 47 | firefly | *dɛri | |
| 48 | wild cherry | *desɛ | |
| 49 | to answer | *dəãdi | |
| 50 | stone | *do | |
| 51 | old, big | *dʌ | |
| 52 | flower | *dʌni | |
| 53 | tear | *gidɔ | |
| 54 | nine | *(i)giə-to, -nto | |
| 55 | privative | *go- | |
| 56 | ear | *gõ | |
| 57 | foot | *gwa | |
| 58 | yes | *hã | |
| 59 | to roast | *hãši | |
| 60 | deep | *hẽ | |
| 61 | sky | *hẽcʔi | |
| 62 | to sprin thread | *hẽtʔi | |
| 63 | to whistle | *həši | |
| 64 | suffix | *-hiə | suffix used with first person pronoun to indicate plural inclusive, with second person pronoun to indicate plural |
| 65 | boss | *hmũ | |
| 66 | town | *hnini | |
| 67 | speech, language, word | *hñã | |
| 68 | eight | *hñiãto, -nto | |
| 69 | three | *hñiũ | |
| 70 | food | *hñũni | |
| 71 | earth | *hɔi | |
| 72 | to lay eggs | *hũi | |
| 73 | to cook | *hʌcʔe | |
| 74 | wing | *hwa | |
| 75 | to select | *hwahni | |
| 76 | maize land | *hwãhĩ | |
| 77 | to blow | *hwiphi | |
| 78 | to dawn | *hyaci | |
| 79 | sun | *hyadi | |
| 80 | to leave | *hyɛgi | |
| 81 | heavy | *hyə | |
| 82 | to search | *hyori | |
| 83 | orphan | *hyoya | |
| 84 | horsefly | *kʔa | |
| 85 | blue, green | *kʔangi | |
| 86 | yellow | *kʔaštʔi | |
| 87 | to complain | *kʔẽ | |
| 88 | to remove | *(i)kʔə | |
| 89 | to grind (p-Otomi); stone for grinding maize (San Miguel Tenoxtitlan Mazahua) | *kəni | |
| 90 | to be, to exist | *kha | |
| 91 | bean | *khə | |
| 92 | maize dough | *khəni | |
| 93 | blood | *khi | |
| 94 | skirt, petticoat | *khiʌde | |
| 95 | nobody | *kho | |
| 96 | man's sister | *khũ | |
| 97 | rabbit | *khwa | |
| 98 | to enter | *kiətʔi | |
| 99 | man's brother-in-law | *ko | |
| 100 | to go | *ma | |
| 101 | to shout | *maphi | |
| 102 | milk | *mba | |
| 103 | to work | *mbɛphi | |
| 104 | fright | *mbĩdĩ | |
| 105 | spider | *meše | |
| 106 | money | *mɛti | |
| 107 | expensive | *miãdi | |
| 108 | coyote | *minʔyo | |
| 109 | squirrel | *miniã | |
| 110 | mosquito | *modɔ | |
| 111 | crooked | *mɔgi | |
| 112 | gourd | *mũ | |
| 113 | sapodilla | *mũza | |
| 114 | sind, air | *n-dãhi | |
| 115 | seed | *n-dɔ | |
| 116 | mouth | *ne | |
| 117 | to want, to like | *ne | |
| 118 | to dance | *nẽi | |
| 119 | left | *ngiãhiã | |
| 120 | meat | *n-giʌ | |
| 121 | rat, mouse | *n-gõ | |
| 122 | house | *n-gũ | |
| 123 | church | *nikhĩa | |
| 124 | fat | *noho | |
| 125 | now | *nuya | |
| 126 | to speak | *ñã | |
| 127 | doctor, conjurer | *ñẽi | |
| 128 | conjurer (p-Otomi); medicine, poison (San Miguel Tenoxtitlan Mazahua) | *ñẽte | |
| 129 | head | *ñiã | |
| 130 | knee | *ñiãhmõ | |
| 131 | hot | *pa | |
| 132 | to raise | *pacʔi | |
| 133 | buzzard | *padia | |
| 134 | shirt | *pahni | |
| 135 | to sweep | *paši | |
| 136 | to weave | *pe | |
| 137 | to wash clothes | *peri | |
| 138 | to have | *pɛcʔi | |
| 139 | a fruit (tejocote) | *pɛri | |
| 140 | horse | *phari | large animal in compounds |
| 141 | foam | *phəgi | |
| 142 | to take care of | *phɔdi | |
| 143 | to bark | *phʌge | |
| 144 | rattlesnake | *pozə | |
| 145 | to sell | *pɔ | |
| 146 | article singular | *ra | |
| 147 | new | *raʔyo | |
| 148 | to cross over | *racʔi | |
| 149 | ten | *(i)rɛtʔa | |
| 150 | twenty | *(i)rote | |
| 151 | pulque | *sẽi | |
| 152 | to scrape | *šatʔi | |
| 153 | dust-storm | *šɛdi | |
| 154 | eagle | *šəni | |
| 155 | back | *šəthia | |
| 156 | leaf | *ši | covering in compounds |
| 157 | wool | *šiʔyo | |
| 158 | lungs | *šihñẽ | |
| 159 | to tell | *šiphi | |
| 160 | to open | *šoki | |
| 161 | morning, shade | *šõdi | |
| 162 | night | *šõi | |
| 163 | fingernail | *šɔ | |
| 164 | to pray, to read | *šɔdi | |
| 165 | hair | *štiã | |
| 166 | female person | *-šũ- | only in composition |
| 167 | pitcher | *šʌni | |
| 168 | nominalizing or third verb stem prefix | *t- | |
| 169 | unfermented juice of maguey | *tʔaphi | |
| 170 | toys | *tʔẽni | |
| 171 | metal, bell | *tʔɛgi | |
| 172 | grasshopper | *tʔəãši | |
| 173 | child | *tʔiə | |
| 174 | hill, mountain | *tʔiʌhiʌ | |
| 175 | louse | *tʔo | |
| 176 | father | *ta | |
| 177 | ear of corn | *thã | |
| 178 | tamale | *thẽdi | |
| 179 | to cart | *thẽni | |
| 180 | thread, rope | *thəãhĩ | |
| 181 | to tie | *thəãtʔi | |
| 182 | outside | *thi | |
| 183 | nothing but | *-tho | |
| 184 | to touch | *(i)thɔdi | |
| 185 | bench | *thũhni | |
| 186 | torch pine | *tiədi | |
| 187 | duck | *tigia | |
| 188 | drunk | *tĩ | |
| 189 | to sing | *tõhõ | |
| 190 | to fall down | *tɔgi | |
| 191 | to buy, market | *(i)tɔi | |
| 192 | frog | *wɛ | |
| 193 | associative 1st and 2nd persons | *-wi | |
| 194 | twig | *yɛza | |
| 195 | two | *yiohio | |
| 196 | seven | *yio-to, -nto | |
| 197 | candle | *yo | |
| 198 | to give births | *yodi | |
| 199 | to obey | *yʌde | |
| 200 | tree, sick | *za | plant in compounds |
| 201 | pig | *zakhwa | |
| 202 | strong | *zɛdi | |
| 203 | to greet | *zɛngwa |
References[edit]
- ^ Newman, Stanley and Robert Weitlaner. 1950. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1262851 Central Otomian II: Primitive Central Otomian Reconstructions. International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Apr., 1950), pp. 73-81. University of Chicago Press.