User:DanPMK
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Asian cardinal directions
[edit]Japanese kun pronunciations are excluded. I expect there to be errors here, you should as well.
North 北 |
South 南 |
East 東 |
West 西 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | |
Cantonese | baak, bak1 | paːk, pak | naam4 | naːm | 东 dung1 | tʊŋ | sai1 | saːi |
Japanese | ほく hoku, はい hai | hoku͍, hai | な(ん) na(n), だん dan | na, nan, dan | とう tō | too | せい sei, さい sai | sei, sai |
Korean | 북 buk, 배 bae | puk̚, pɛ | 남 nam | nam | 동 dong | toŋ | 서 seo | sʌ |
Mandarin | běi, bèi | pei̯ | nā, nán | na, nan | 东 dōng | toŋ | xī, yāo, yǎo | ɕi, jao |
Min Nan | pōe, pak, pok | ? | lâm | lam | ? | ? | sai, se, si | ? |
Vietnamese | bắc, bác, bấc, bậc, bước | pɐk, paːk, pək, pɨok | nam | naːm | đông, đang | ɗoŋ, ɗaːŋ | tây, tê | sɐi |
PATTERN | [p → h] [a → ai/ɐ/ə/e/ɨo/u → o] [k → k̚ → ∅] | [n → l] [aː → a] [m → n → ∅] | [t → ɗ] [o → oo/ʊ/aː] [ŋ → ∅] | [s → ɕ → j] [aː → a/ao/ɐ/e/ʌ → ∅] [i → ∅] |
English verb origins
[edit]- *de + sperare - no hope
- intravert, extravert
- manufact? factory?
- universe, multiverse, converse as a verb
- flect
- overt, covert
- complete, repeat, replete?
- announce: renounce, pronounce, denounce. Trounce? :P
x | this | that | yon | what |
---|---|---|---|---|
x time | now | then | ? | when |
x place | here | there | (be)yond | where |
to(ward) x [place] | hither(ward) | thither(ward) | yonder(ward) | whither(ward) |
from x | hence | thence | yence? | whence |
because of x | herefore | therefore | ? | wherefore -> why |
whereas etc. henceforth heretofore forthwith posthaste