cod

See also: COD, còd, and C.O.D.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɒd/
• IPA^(key): /kɑd/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒd
• (in General American): Rhymes: -ɑːd

Etymology 1

From Middle English cod, codde, from Old English cod, codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew-, *gū- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). Cognate with Scots cod, codd, coad, kod (“pillow, cushion”), Low German Koden, Kon (“belly, paunch”), Middle Dutch codde (“scrotum”), Danish kodde (“testicle”), Swedish kudde (“cushion”), Faroese koddi (“pillow”), Icelandic koddi (“pillow”).

Noun

cod (plural cods)

1. (obsolete) A small bag or pouch.

3=likely James Orchard Halliwell, Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words

Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

(Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)

1. (UK, obsolete) A husk or integument; a pod.
   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Luke XV:

     And he wolde fayne have filled his bely with the coddes, that the swyne ate: and noo man gave hym.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Mortimer to this entry?)

2. (now rare) The scrotum (also in plural).
   • 1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, III.4:

     that which we call castoreum […] are not the same to be termed testicles or stones; for these cods or follicles are found in both sexes, though somewhat more protuberant in the male.

3=author of the predecessor of Stedman's Medical Dictionary, ie, not a use but a mention

Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

(Can we find and add a quotation of Dunglison to this entry?)

1. (obsolete or UK dialectal, Scotland) A pillow or cushion.
   • 1915 [2024 July 2], Yorkshire Archæological Society, edited by John Lister, West Riding Sessions Records, fol. 148:

     Elizabeth Pitt, wife of Thomas Pitt of Haldon, clothier, Elizabeth Clerke of the same, spinster, and Jane Topliffe, wife of James Topliffe of the same, laborer, for stealing there on 1^st Nov., 1640, a petticoat (parvacidam) value 4s., two children's coats value 2s., a feather bed cod value 2s., the property of Richard Bradley.

3=likely James Orchard Halliwell, Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words

Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

(Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)

Derived terms

• codpiece

Translations

husk or pod

• Bulgarian: шушулка (bg) f (šušulka)
• Finnish: kuori (fi)
• Middle English: cod
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Persian: کیسه (fa) (kise)

Etymology 2

From Middle English cod, codde, of uncertain origin:

• Oldest English form cotfich as a surname in the 13th century; for more see cot (“chamber, cottage”).
• Same as Etymology 1, above; a bag or pouch, related to its bloated shape.
• From Latin gadus, from Ancient Greek γάδος (gádos, “fish”) with a possible pre-Greek or Semitic origin; for more see Atargatis, Cetus, and κῆτος (kêtos).

Noun

cod (usually uncountable, plural cod or cods)

1. The Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.
2. The sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, as inclusive of the Pacific cod () and Greenland cod ( or ).
3. The sea fish of the family Gadidae which are sold as "cod", as haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and whiting (usually Merlangius merlangus).
4. (informal, usually with qualifiers) Other unrelated fish which are similarly important to regional fisheries, as the hapuku and cultus cod.
5. (informal, usually with qualifiers) Other unrelated fish which resemble the Atlantic cod, as the rock cod () and blue cod ().

Usage notes

The term Atlantic cod is now used where it is desired to distinguish the other members of Gadus or the Gadidae. Similar qualifiers are used to distinguish the other members, as well as the unrelated fish in the term's other senses. The plural form cod has become more common than the form cods.

Synonyms

• (Atlantic cod): milwell (many variants), Scotch cod, common cod
• (other Gadus spp., esp. Pacific cod): gray cod, grey cod, grayfish, greyfish; (Greenland cod) ogac
• (unrelated fish marketed as cod): haddock, whiting
• (similarly important local species): hapuku
• (unrelated similar species): rock cod, rockcod, beardie (); cod icefish (the ); marbled rockcod (); emerald rockcod (); honeycomb rockcod, dwarf spotted rockcod (), Maori cod, Magellanic rockcod, blue notothenia, orange throat notothen (), brown spotted reef cod, brownspotted grouper (), red rock cod, vermilion rockcod (); red snapper (Lutjanus spp.); vermilion seaperch, vermilion rockfish (); grouper (the Serranidae); thornyhead (Sebastidae)

Hypernyms

• demersal fish
• Gadiformes
• whitefish

Hyponyms

• (young): codling
• (small, obsolete): morhwell
• (consumed codlings): scrod
• (air-dried, unsalted): stockfish
• (freshly-salted): greenfish, green fish, green cod, white cod
• (dried & salted): clipfish, salt cod, dry cod, ling, haberdine
• (cured in lye): lutefisk
• (pancakes): bacalaito

Derived terms

terms derived from cod (fish)

• Antarctic cod ()
• Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
• Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod)
• bank cod
• barramundi cod (, )
• bastard cod
• bay cod
• black cod
• black-arse cod
• Bloomfield River cod
• blue cod
• bluenose cod
• breaksea cod
• brown cod
• brown spotted reef cod
• buffalo cod ()
• Cape Cod
• chiseltooth grenadier cod
• clam cod
• Clarence River cod
• coal cod
• cod banger, cod-banger
• codbank, cod-bank
• cod-chest
• cod chowder, cod-chowder
• codfish, cod-fish
• codfish aristocracy, cod-fish aristocracy
• codfisher, cod-fisher
• codfisherman, cod-fisherman
• cod fishery, cod-fishery
• cod fishing, cod-fishing
• cod hook, cod-hook
• cod icefish
• Cod League
• codlet
• codline, cod line, cod-line
• codling
• cod liver oil
• cod-man
• codmop, cod-mop
• cod oil, cod-oil
• cod-pitchings
• codsmack, cod-smack
• codsound, cod-sound
• Cod Wars
• cod worm ()
• common cod (Gadus morhua)
• coral cod
• cultus cod, cultus-cod ()
• cured cod
• deep-water cod
• dry cod
• dwarf spotted rockcod
• East Siberian cod
• eastern cod
• Eastern freshwater cod

• eel cod
• emerald rockcod
• Eucla cod
• George's cod
• gray cod, graycod
• green cod
• Greenland cod ()
• grenadier cod
• grey cod, greycod
• herring cod
• honeycomb rockcod
• Hook and Cod Wars
• inshore cod
• long-finned cod
• ling cod, lingcod ()
• lockee cod, lockee-cod
• Magellanic rockcod
• Maori cod
• marbled rockcod
• Mary River cod
• morid cod
• Murray cod
• New Zealand cod
• native cod
• night cod
• Pacific cod
• pelagic cod
• pine-tree cod
• polar cod
• poor cod ()
• potato cod
• red cod
• red rock cod
• reef cod
• Richmond River cod
• rock cod, rockcod ()
• Sacred Cod
• saffron cod
• salt cod
• Scotch cod
• shoal-water cod
• shore cod
• sleepy cod
• small-headed cod
• smallscaled cod
• soft cod ()
• tadpole cod
• tiger cod
• tomcod (Microgadus tomcod)
• tommycod (Microgadus tomcod)
• toothed cod
• trout cod
• true cod (Gadus spp.)
• unicorn cod, unicorn-cod ()
• vermilion rockcod ()
• white cod (Gadus morhua)
• winter cod (Microgadus tomcod)
• worm cod

Translations

marine fish of the family Gadidae

• Abenaki: nokamagw
• Aleut: ptxitax
• Armenian: ձողաձուկ (hy) (joġajuk)
• Asturian: bacaláu m
• Basque: bakailao
• Belarusian: трэска́ f (treská)
• Bulgarian: тре́ска (bg) f (tréska)
• Catalan: bacallà (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 鱈魚／鳕鱼 (zh) (xuěyú), 鳕鱼 (zh) (xuěyú)

• Cornish: barvus m
• Czech: treska (cs) f
• Danish: torsk (da) m
• Dutch: kabeljauw (nl) m
• Esperanto: moruo
• Estonian: tursk
• Faroese: toskur (fo) m
• Finnish: turska (fi) m
• French: morue (fr) f, cabillaud (fr) m
• Galician: bacallau (gl) m
• Georgian: ვირთევზა (virtevza)
• German: Kabeljau (de) m, Dorsch (de) m
• Greek: μπακαλιάρος (el) m (bakaliáros)

  Ancient: καλλαρίας m (kallarías)

• Greenlandic: saarullik
• Hawaiian: pakaliao
• Hungarian: tőkehal (hu)
• Icelandic: þorskur (is) m
• Ido: moruo (io), gado (io)
• Irish: trosc (ga) m, bod donn (ga) m, bod rua (ga) m
• Italian: merluzzo (it) m
• Japanese: 鱈 (ja) (たら, tara)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Kazakh: нәлім (nälım)
• Korean: 대구 (ko) (daegu)
• Latvian: menca f
• Lithuanian: menkė f
• Macedonian: ба́калар m (bákalar)
• Manx: boiddagh m
• Mi'kmaq: peju anim
• Middle English: cod
• Norman: mouothue f (Jersey), mouorue f (Guernsey, France)
• Norwegian: torsk (no) m
• Occitan: merluça (oc)
• Old Norse: þorskr m
• Polish: dorsz (pl) m anim
• Portuguese: bacalhau (pt) m
• Romanian: cod (ro)
• Russian: треска́ (ru) f (treská)
• Scottish Gaelic: trosg m, bodach m, pollach m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: бака̀ла̄р m

  Roman: bakàlār (sh) m

• Slovak: treska f
• Slovene: tŕska (sl) f, polenovka (sl) f
• Spanish: bacalao (es) m
• Swedish: torsk (sv) c
• Tagalog: bakalaw
• Thai: ค็อด (th) (khot)
• Tok Pisin: bikmaus
• Turkish: morina (tr)
• Ukrainian: тріска́ f (triská)
• Volapük: gadut (vo)
• Welsh: penfras (cy) m, còd m
• Yiddish: שטאָקפֿיש m (shtokfish)

Etymology 3

Origin unknown. Attested in reference to a person (though not always a stupid or foolish person) from the end of the 17th century. The Oxford English Dictionary (1891) notes that a suggested link to codger is unlikely, as cod appears much earlier.

Noun

cod (plural cods)

1. A joke or an imitation.

   I assume it all could just be a cod.

2. A stupid or foolish person.

   He's making a right cod of himself.

Adjective

cod (comparative more cod, superlative most cod)

1. Having the character of imitation; jocular. (now usually attributive, forming mostly compound adjectives).

   “Illegitimi non carborundum” is a well-known example of cod Latin.

   Dalton categorises Muse's latest composition as “cod-classical bombast”.

   • 2006 July, Kim Newman, “Ultraviolet”, in Sight and Sound, volume 16, page 78:

     […] the director's vision has devolved from cod Orwell to riffing off bad girl art comic books and generally feeble posing.

2. (Polari) Bad.
   • 1968 March 17, Kenneth Horne, Bona Rags (Round the Horne), season 4, spoken by Julian and Sandy (Hugh Paddick and Kenneth Williams):

     Sandy: Right, right, well I'll just open the wardrobe. Oh, here, look—his wardrobe. Ha!
     Julian: Ha! Oh what a naff lot!
     Sandy: It is a bit cod isn't it.

   • 1997, James Gardiner, Who's a Pretty Boy Then?, page 137:

     Will you take a varder at the cartz on the feely-omi in the naf strides: the one with the bona blue ogles polarying the omi-palone with a vogue on and a cod sheitel.

   • 2016 September 18, Antony Cotton, Twitter‎^[1]:

     Hahahahaha! @AnnaJaneCasey Vada the homi ajax, with the naff riah and the cod lally drags. Ooooo she's camp...

Synonyms

• (imitation): faux, mock
• (bad): See Thesaurus:bad

Antonyms

• (bad): bona (Polari)
• (bad): See Thesaurus:bad

Derived terms

• (bad): cody, coddy (“bad, amateurish”)

Translations

false, mock

• Bulgarian: подигравателен (bg) (podigravatelen)
• Finnish: teko- (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Verb

cod (third-person singular simple present cods, present participle codding, simple past and past participle codded)

1. (slang, transitive, dialectal) To attempt to deceive or confuse.

See also

• codswallop

Anagrams

• CDO, DOC, Doc, OCD, ODC, doc

---

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew-, *gū- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). The "pillow" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.

Alternative forms

• codde, kode, code

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔd(ə)/

Noun

cod (plural coddes)

2. A seedpod; a plant's natural casing for its seeds.
3. A scrotum, ballsack; a case for the testicles.
4. A pillow or cushion; a piece of cushioning.
5. (rare) A sack or pouch; a case for items.
6. (rare) The gullet, windpipe or esophagus.
7. (rare) The chest or stomach region.
8. (rare) A ball bearing; a metal ball acting to cushion.

Derived terms

• pesecod

Descendants

• English: cod
• Scots: cod

References

• “cod, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-30.

Etymology 2

Unknown; see English cod.

Alternative forms

• codde, kotde

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔd/

Noun

cod (plural coddes)

2. cod, codfish

Descendants

• English: cod

References

• “cod, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-30.

---

Scots

Alternative forms

• codd, coad, kod

Etymology

From Middle English cod, from Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô. The "pillow" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔd/

Noun

cod (plural cods)

1. A pillow or cushion.
2. A seedpod; a plant's natural casing for its seeds.