roten

See also: Roten, röten, and Röten

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈro.tən]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈro.ten]

Etymology 1

Verb

roten

1. third-person plural present indicative of rotar (“to belch”)

Etymology 2

Verb

roten

1. third-person plural present indicative of rotar (“to rotate, to turn”)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch roten.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroː.tə(n)/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ro‧ten
• Rhymes: -oːtən

Verb

roten

1. (ergative, of flax, hemp, jute, etc.) to ret (to soak in water to prepare for further processing)

Inflection

Inflection of roten (weak)
infinitive	roten
past singular	rootte
past participle	geroot
infinitive	roten
gerund	roten n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	root	rootte
2nd person sing. (jij)	root	rootte
2nd person sing. (u)	root	rootte
2nd person sing. (gij)	root	rootte
3rd person singular	root	rootte
plural	roten	rootten
subjunctive sing.1	rote	rootte
subjunctive plur.1	roten	rootten
imperative sing.	root
imperative plur.1	root
participles	rotend	geroot
1) Archaic.

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʁoːtn̩/, /ˈʁoːtən/

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

roten

1. inflection of rot:
   1. strong genitive masculine/neuter singular
   2. weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular
   3. strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular
   4. strong dative plural
   5. weak/mixed all-case plural

Japanese

Romanization

roten

1. Rōmaji transcription of ろてん

Middle English

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English rotian, from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną.

Alternative forms

• roote, rooton, rootye, rot, rote, roti, rotie, rotte, rotten, roty, rotye, rotyn
• rotenn, rotien, rotiȝen (Early Middle English)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔtən/, /ˈrɔːtən/

Verb

roten (third-person singular simple present roteth, present participle rotynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle roted)

1. To decompose; to make or become rotten or spoiled:
   1. To become toxic or noxious (of gas or liquid)
   2. To putrefy; to become or make infected or gangrenous (in the body).
   3. (rare) To become rusty; to develop a layer of rust.
2. To morally degenerate or decay; to become sinful.
3. To languish; to become weak or feeble due to imprisonment.
4. To disappear; to lose presence, existence, or vitality.
5. (of clothing) To become tattered, ragged, or old.
6. (rare) To steep; to immerse in fluid.

Conjugation

Conjugation of roten (weak in -ed or strong class 4)

infinitive	(to) roten, rote
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	rote	roted
2nd-person singular	rotest	rotedest
3rd-person singular	roteth	roted
subjunctive singular	rote	roted1
imperative singular		—
plural2	roten, rote	roteden, rotede
imperative plural	roteth, rote	—
participles	rotynge, rotende	roted, roten

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• rot
• rotennesse
• rotidnes
• rotnesse
• rotynge
• rotyngnesse

 

Descendants

• English: rot
• Scots: rot
• Yola: rothed, rothyed; rotheda (adj)

References

• “rō̆ten, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.

Etymology 2

From rote (“root”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

Alternative forms

• rooten, rote, rotyn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈroːtən/

Verb

roten (third-person singular simple present roteth, present participle rotynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle roted)

1. To put out roots; to start growing..
2. To settle or fix; to put in a permanent state.
3. To begin or institute; to cause to settle or fix.
4. To place a value or belief into one's mind.
5. To link or connect; to make an attachment.

Conjugation

Conjugation of roten (weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) roten, rote
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	rote	roted
2nd-person singular	rotest	rotedest
3rd-person singular	roteth	roted
subjunctive singular	rote
imperative singular		—
plural1	roten, rote	roteden, rotede
imperative plural	roteth, rote	—
participles	rotynge, rotende	roted, yroted

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: root
• Scots: ruit

References

• “rọ̄ten, v.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Old Norse rotinn (“rotten”).

Alternative forms

• roote, rooten, rote, roton, rottyn, rotun, rotyn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔtən/, /ˈrɔːtən/, /ˈrɔːt(ə)/

Adjective

roten

1. Rotten or spoiled (usually of animal or plant matter):
   1. (rare) Toxic, noxious (of gas or liquid)
   2. (rare) Collapsing or decomposing into pieces; falling apart.
2. Gangrenous, infected (having necrosis or putrefaction)
   • a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Psalms 37:4-6”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

     Noon helthe is in my fleiſch fro the face of thin ire; no pees is to my boonys fro the face of my ſynnes. / For my wickidneſſis ben goon ouer myn heed; as an heuy birthun, tho ben maad heuy on me. / Myn heelid woundis weren rotun, and ben brokun; fro the face of myn vnwiſdom.

     No health is in my body due to the nature of your anger; no rest is in my bones due to my sinful behaviour. / For my wickedness has utterly enveloped me, like a heavy load that has weighed on me. / My healed wounds were festering, and have burst from the nature of my mistakes.

3. Evil, sinful; morally retrograde.
4. (rare) Elderly, aged (of people)
5. (rare) Devastated; damaged beyond repair.

Descendants

• English: rotten
• Scots: rotten

References

• “rō̆ten, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.
• “rōte, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.

Etymology 4

From rote (“root”) +‎ -en (plural ending).

Noun

roten

1. plural of rote (“root”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• rota

Noun

roten m or f

1. definite masculine singular of rot

Spanish

Verb

roten

1. inflection of rotar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Swedish

Noun

roten

1. definite singular of rot

Anagrams

• noter, orent, orten, toner

Zazaki

Verb

roten

1. to sell
2. to shape sth. by cutting it; to chisel; to hew; to whittle