文字

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Chinese

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language; culture; writing
language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle
 
letter; symbol; character
letter; symbol; character; word
 
simp. and trad.
(文字)
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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (4) (15)
Final () (59) (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter mjun dziH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɨun/ /d͡zɨH/
Pan
Wuyun
/miun/ /d͡zɨH/
Shao
Rongfen
/miuən/ /d͡zieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mun/ /d͡zɨH/
Li
Rong
/miuən/ /d͡ziəH/
Wang
Li
/mĭuən/ /d͡zĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯uən/ /d͡zʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
man4 zi6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wén
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjun › ‹ dziH ›
Old
Chinese
/*mə[n]/ /*mə-dzə(ʔ)-s/
English ornate breed, love (v.); character

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13015 17864
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mɯn/ /*zlɯs/
Notes

Noun

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文字

  1. written symbols; writing; script; text; characters (Classifier: ; )
  2. writing style wording; language (Classifier: ; )

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (文字):
  • Japanese: (もん)() (monji)
  • Korean: 문자(文字) (munja)
  • Vietnamese: văn tự (文字)

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
もん
Grade: 1

Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 文字 (MC mjun dziH, literally “writing + character”). Compare modern Cantonese reading man4 zi6.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(もん)() (monji

  1. a letter, a character (symbol for a sound or a word)
  2. (linguistics) script, writing system
  3. (specific to Japanese) a written mora, a kana
  4. writing in general, written words
  5. (by extension from the “writing” sense) a document
  6. (by extension from the “writing” sense) reading and writing
  7. (by extension from the “writing” sense) studies
Usage notes
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This reading is less common than moji, below.

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
もん > も
Grade: 1

Grade: 1
irregular goon

/mond͡ʑi//mod͡ʑi/

Sound shift from monji above.[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()() (moji

  1. a letter or character (symbol for a sound or a word)
  2. (linguistics) script, writing system
  3. (specific to Japanese) a written mora, a kana
  4. writing in general, written words
  5. (by extension from the “writing” sense) a document
  6. (by extension from the “writing” sense) reading and writing
  7. (by extension from the “writing” sense) studies
  8. (chiefly Kansai) the tails side of a coin, the side with writing on it
  9. (chiefly Kansai, by extension) a coin, money
Usage notes
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This reading is more common than monji above.

The tails and coin, money senses are specific to this moji reading.[3]

Derived terms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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文字 (munja) (hangeul 문자)

  1. hanja form? of 문자 (letter)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

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文字

  1. chữ Hán form of văn tự (writing system, script).