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See also:
U+7AAE, 窮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AAE

[U+7AAD]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7AAF]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 116, +10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹竹弓 (JCHHN), four-corner 30227, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 867, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25593
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2737, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7AAE

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡuŋ) : semantic (cave; nest; confinement) + phonetic (OC *kuŋ).

Etymology

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Possibly a vocalic variant of (OC *ɡoŋ, “distress”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kiông - literary;
  • kêng, khêng, không - vernacular.
Note:
  • kiong5 - literary;
  • gêng5 - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰyŋ³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰyŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰyuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰyŋ²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰyə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰỹn⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰyŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰioŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰioŋ²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰioŋ¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰioŋ²⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyŋ¹³/
/t͡ɕyŋ¹³/ ~人
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑioŋ²³/
Suzhou /d͡ʑioŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑioŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑoŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕioŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /kʰioŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰoŋ²¹/
Nanning /kʰuŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /kʰuŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kiɔŋ³⁵/
/kiŋ³⁵/
/kʰiŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kœyŋ²¹/ 無~
/kœyŋ³³/ ~沒
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰioŋ⁵⁵/
/keŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xiɔŋ³¹/
/kiaŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/guwŋ/
Li
Rong
/ɡiuŋ/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qióng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kung4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qióng qióng
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjuwng › ‹ gjuwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ](r)uŋ/ /*m-[ɡ](r)uŋ/
English poor exhaust

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4145
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡuŋ/

Definitions

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  1. to exhaust
    兵黷武兵黩武  ―  qióngbīngdúwǔ  ―  to go all in with wars
  2. to thoroughly investigate
    根究底根究底  ―  qiónggēnjiūdǐ  ―  to dig into the very roots of the matter
  3. to be in the wrong and unable to argue further
  4. to be in dire straits; to suffer from lack of opportunity, support, etc.
    Antonym:
  5. poor; destitute; impoverished
    Antonym: ()
      ―  pínqióng  ―  lacking; suffering from want
      ―  rén qióng zhì bù qióng  ―  poor in money but not in aspiration
  6. to be exhausted; to be used up
    無盡无尽  ―  qióngwújìn  ―  to be inexhaustible
    理屈詞理屈词  ―  lǐqūcíqióng  ―  unable to argue any further; having no more excuses
  7. remote; out-of-the-way
    鄉僻壤乡僻壤  ―  qióngxiāngpìrǎng  ―  remote and backwater place
  8. extremely
    凶極惡凶极恶  ―  qióngxiōngjí'è  ―  extremely ferocious and evil
  9. thoroughly
      ―  qióngjiū  ―  to dig deep into something
    追猛打追猛打  ―  qióngzhuīměngdǎ  ―  hotly pursue and fiercely attack
  10. excessively; inappropriately attentive to details; snobbishly; frivolously
    講究讲究  ―  qióng jiǎngjiū  ―  to be too fine in tastes; to be a snob
  11. 69th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "exhaustion, tiredness" (𝍊)
  12. (Northern Wu) very; quite
    [Suzhounese]  ―  2jion 6dou [Wugniu]  ―  very big
    讀書用功 [Suzhounese, trad.]
    读书用功 [Suzhounese, simp.]
    1li 8doq-syu1 2jion 2yon6-kon1 [Wugniu]
    He studies very studiously.
  13. name of an ancient state
    Synonym: 有窮有穷 (Yǒuqióng)

Usage notes

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  • (very): In Suzhounese, younger speakers tend to use this in place of .

Synonyms

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  • (poor):
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  • (very):

Compounds

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Further reading

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Japanese

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See also 窮する

Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 다할 (dahal gung))

  1. hanja form? of (poor, destitute, impoverished)

(eumhun 궁할 (gunghal gung))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: cùng, khùng, còng, càng

Readings

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: Hán Việt readings: khùng
: Nôm readings: cùng, khùng, còng, càng

Etymology 1

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Adjective

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(khùng)

  1. crazy

Etymology 2

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Noun

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(càng)

  1. nipper, pincer

References

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