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優

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 优
優 U+512A, 優
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-512A
← 儩
[U+5129] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 儫 →
[U+512B]

㊝ U+329D, ㊝
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EXCELLENT
← ㊜
[U+329C] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊞ →
[U+329E]

Translingual

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Han character

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優 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+15, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人一月水 (OMBE), four-corner 21247, composition ⿰亻憂)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 120, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1261
  • Dae Jaweon: page 254, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 233, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+512A

Chinese

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trad. 優
simp. 优*

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 優
s05803
Transcribed ancient scripts
L33551
L33552
L33553
L11732
L11733
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (憂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
憂 *qu
優 *qu
瀀 *qu
櫌 *qu
鄾 *qu
嚘 *qu
耰 *qu
獶 *qu
纋 *qu
懮 *quʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qu): semantic 亻 + phonetic 憂 (OC *qu).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 優
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於求切
Baxter 'juw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔuw/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiu/
Wang
Li 		/ĭəu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 優
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yōu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔ(r)u/
English entertainer; liberal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 優
Reading # 1/1
No. 15494
Phonetic
component 		憂
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		憂
Old
Chinese 		/*qu/

Definitions

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優

  1. generous; abundant; ample
  2. excellent; superior
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to give preferential treatment
  4. (dated) actor; entertainer
  5. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) (Cantonese) to pull up (pants or socks)
  6. a surname, You

Synonyms

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  • (generous):
  • (to give preferential treatment):

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “excellent”): 劣 (liè)

Compounds

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References

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  • “優”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “优”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 288.

Japanese

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Kanji

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優

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. a person with lithe movements
  2. (adj.) kind, favorable
  3. good, excellent, surpassing, superior
    1. the best possible grade on school results
  4. rich, wealthy
  5. a sufficient amount for a certain thing
  6. tenderness, gentleness
  7. actor

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
優
ゆう
Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 優 (MC 'juw).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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優(ゆう) • (yū) ←いう (iu)?

  1. enough, amply
  2. easily, skillfully

Noun

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優(ゆう) • (yū) ←いう (iu)?

  1. A (letter grade); excellence
    Coordinate terms: 良 (ryō), 可 (ka), 不可 (fuka), (rarer) 秀 (shū), (rarer) 認 (nin)
  2. gentleness

Proper noun

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優(ゆう) • (Yū) ←いう (Iu)?

  1. a female given name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
優
まさ(る)
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

From the verb 勝(まさ)る (masaru, “to be superior to, to excel, to surpass, to rival”). Related to 優(まさ)しげ (masashige).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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優(まさる) • (Masaru) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
優
すぐ(る)
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

From 優(すぐ)る (suguru), the Classical Japanese form of the verb 優(すぐ)れる (sugureru, “to be good at (a thing), to be superior to (a person)”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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優(すぐる) • (Suguru) 

  1. a male given name

References

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 優 (MC 'juw).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

優 (eumhun 넉넉할 우 (neongneokhal u))

  1. hanja form? of 우 (“excellent; superior”)
  2. hanja form? of 우 (“actor”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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優: Hán Nôm readings: ưu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

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