刺

See also: 刾 and 剌

Translingual

Alternative forms

• 刾

Han character

刺 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木月中弓 (DBLN), four-corner 5290₀, composition ⿰朿刂)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1969
• Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 333, character 2
• Unihan data for U+523A

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		刺

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
債	*ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
積	*ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
刺	*sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
莿	*sʰeːɡs, *raːds
㓨	*sʰeɡs
朿	*sʰeɡs
漬	*zeɡs
耫	*zraːd, *zreːɡ
嘖	*ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀	*sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
捒	*sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘	*ʔsreːɡ
簀	*ʔsreːɡ
嫧	*ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮	*ʔsreːɡ
責	*ʔsreːɡ
皟	*sʰreːɡ
憡	*sʰreːɡ
策	*sʰreːɡ
筴	*sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
拺	*sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
賾	*zreːɡ
鰿	*zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
擌	*sreːɡ
蹟	*ʔseɡ
襀	*ʔseɡ
磧	*sʰeɡ
洓	*sʰeɡ
績	*ʔseːɡ
勣	*ʔseːɡ
樍	*ʔseːɡ

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cì (ci⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cì
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cìh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ⁴
    • Yale: tsz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyh
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ci³
    • Yale: chi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³³/

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• Middle Chinese: tshjeH

Rime
Character	刺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七賜切
Baxter	tshjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiə̆H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰieH/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰǐeH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ek-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰeɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刺
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cì
Middle Chinese	‹ tshjeH ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ek-s/
English	sharp point, thorn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刺
Reading #	1/2
No.	1746
Phonetic component	朿
Rime group	賜
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	刺
Old Chinese	/*sʰeɡs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 刺

1. a pointed structure which is able to pierce something (spike, spine, thorn, etc.)
2. (archaic) visiting card

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (刺):

• → Japanese: 刺(し) (shi)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cì (ci⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci³ / cik³ / cek³ / sik³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cì
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cìh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ⁴
    • Yale: tsz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyh
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ci³ / cik³ / cek³ / sik³
    • Yale: chi / chik / chek / sik
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi³ / tsik⁸ / tsek⁸ / sik⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi³ / qig³ / cég³ / xig³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³³/, /t͡sʰɪk̚³/, /t͡sʰɛːk̚³/, /sɪk̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: tshjek

Rime
Character	刺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七迹切
Baxter	tshjek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiajk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰeɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刺
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cì
Middle Chinese	‹ tshjek ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ek/
English	pierce, stab
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刺
Reading #	2/2
No.	1780
Phonetic component	朿
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	皵
Old Chinese	/*sʰeɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 刺

1. to stab; to prick
2. to assassinate
3. to criticize with pointed words

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cī, cì (ci¹, ci⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘ, ㄘˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cī
    • Zhuyin: ㄘ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cih
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ¹
    • Yale: tsz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsy
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cì
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cìh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ⁴
    • Yale: tsz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyh
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 刺

1. sound of rubbing

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qì, cì (qi⁴, ci⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ, ㄘˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cì
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
    • Yale: chì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cì
    • Zhuyin: ㄘˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cìh
    • Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ⁴
    • Yale: tsz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyh
    • Palladius: цы (cy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 刺

1. Only used in 刺促 (qìcù).

References

• “刺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

刺

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjeH, “spike, thorn; calling card”):

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: とげ (toge, 刺)

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjek, “prick, stab; criticize with pointed words”):

• Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
• Kan-on: せき (seki)
• Kun: さす (sasu, 刺す, Jōyō); ささる (sasaru, 刺さる, Jōyō); そしる (soshiru, 刺る)

Compounds

• 刺(せっ)客(かく) (sekkaku)
• 刺青(いれずみ) (irezumi)
• 肉刺(まめ) (mame)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
刺
とげ Grade: S
kun'yomi

*⟨to₂ɡe₂⟩ → */təɡəɨ/ → /toɡe/

From Proto-Japonic *tənkay.

Alternative forms

• 棘

Noun

刺(とげ) • (toge) 

1. a thorn, prickle
2. a splinter
3. a biting word

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
刺
さ(し) Grade: S
kun'yomi

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 刺す (sasu, “to pierce; to prick, sting”).

Alternative forms

• 刺し
• (paper string for coins): 緡

Noun

刺(さし) • (sashi) 

1. Short for 米刺 (komesashi): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
2. (historical) in the Edo period, a paper string used to store ぜに (zeni, “round coins with a square hole in the center”)
3. Short for 刺身 (sashimi): sliced pieces of fish or other meat

Derived terms

• 刺(さし)身(み) (sashimi)
• 肉(にく)刺(さし) (nikusashi)
• 絽(ろ)刺(ざし) (rozashi)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
刺
いら Grade: S
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• 苛, 莿

Noun

刺(いら) • (ira) 

1. a thorn, prickle
2. the spine (needle-like structure) of a fish's dorsal fin
3. Short for 刺草 (irakusa): nettle
4. Short for 刺虫 (iramushi): the larva of the 刺蛾 (iraga, “”), a species of moth
5. the horn-like projections of 金平糖 (konpeitō, “sugar candy of varying colors and flavors”)
6. Synonym of 水母 (kurage): a jellyfish

Derived terms

• 刺(イラ)草(クサ) (irakusa), 蕁麻(イラクサ) (irakusa)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
刺
し Grade: S
on'yomi

/si/ → /ɕi/

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjeH).

Noun

刺(し) • (shi) 

1. a thorn, prickle, needle
2. a calling card, name card

   Synonyms: 名札 (nafuda), 名刺 (meishi)

Affix

刺(し) • (shi) 

1. stab, prick
2. criticize with pointed words
3. spike, thorn
4. name card

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 刺(し)客(かく) (shikaku)
• 刺(し)客(きゃく) (shikyaku)
• 刺(し)激(げき) (shigeki)
• 刺(し)殺(さつ) (shisatsu)
• 刺繍(ししゅう) (shishū)
• 風刺(ふうし), 諷刺(ふうし) (fūshi)
• 名刺(めいし) (meishi)
• 有刺(ゆうし) (yūshi)

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Korean

Hanja

刺 • (ja, cheok, che) (hangeul 자, 척, 체, McCune–Reischauer cha, ch'ŏk, ch'e, Yale ca, chek, chey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

刺: Hán Nôm readings: thích, thứ, chích

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.