姦

See also: 奸 and 姧

Translingual

Han character

姦 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女女女 (VVV), four-corner 4044₄, composition ⿱女奻)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 260, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6217
• Dae Jaweon: page 526, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1048, character 10
• Unihan data for U+59E6

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Chinese

trad.		姦
simp.		奸*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 姦
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (姦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
姦	*kraːn
葌	*kraːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Triplication of 女 (“woman”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên / kiân
• Northern Min (KCR): gáing
• Eastern Min (BUC): găng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kan / kàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ke; ¹ji

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaan¹
    • Yale: gāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
    • Hakka Romanization System: gian^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gáing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan / kàn
    • Tâi-lô: kan / kàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafn, kaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴/, /kan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/, /kan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/, /kan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴/, /kan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/, /kan²¹/

Note: kàn - substitute character.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ke; ¹ji
    • MiniDict: ke^平; ji^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ke; ¹jji
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke⁵³/, /d͡ʑi⁵³/

Note:

• 1ke - vernacular;
• 1ji - literary.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 姦
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕian²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕian²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiã²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕien³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiĩ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ke⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕiɪ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/ka³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕie³¹/ /kɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/kɔ¹¹/ 強～ /t͡siɛ¹¹/ ～賊
Xiang	Changsha	/kan³³/
	Xiangtan	/kan³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kan⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kian⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kien²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kan⁵³/
	Nanning	/kan⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kan⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kan⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kaŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kaiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kaŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kaŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: kaen

Rime
Character	姦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古顔切
Baxter	kaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠan/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨn/
Li Rong	/kan/
Wang Li	/kan/
Bernard Karlgren	/kan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤran/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	姦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiān
Middle Chinese	‹ kæn ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁran/
English	wicked(ness)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姦
Reading #	1/1
No.	6027
Phonetic component	姦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	姦
Old Chinese	/*kraːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 姦

1. evil; wicked; treacherous
2. evildoer; treacherous person
3. to stage an armed rebellion or to steal
4. traitor; betrayer
5. to commit adultery
6. extramarital affair; adultery
7. to rape
8. (Zhangzhou Hokkien and Taiwan Southern Min, vulgar) to fuck (alternative form: 幹)

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Japanese

Kanji

姦

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: みだら (midara, 姦); よこしま (yokoshima, 姦); かしましい (kashimashii, 姦しい)

Compounds

Compounds

• 姦(かしま)しい (kashimashii)
• 姦悪(かんあく) (kan'aku)
• 姦淫(かんいん) (kan'in)
• 姦黠(かんかつ) (kankatsu)
• 姦譎(かんきつ) (kankitsu)
• 姦曲(かんきょく) (kankyoku)
• 姦計(かんけい) (kankei)
• 姦譎(かんけつ) (kanketsu)
• 姦詐(かんさ) (kansa)
• 姦才(かんさい) (kansai)
• 姦策(かんさく) (kansaku)
• 姦邪(かんじゃ) (kanja)
• 姦商(かんしょう) (kanshō)
• 姦心(かんしん) (kanshin)
• 姦臣(かんしん) (kanshin)
• 姦人(かんじん) (kanjin)
• 姦(かん)する (kansuru)
• 姦賊(かんぞく) (kanzoku)
• 姦智(かんち) (kanchi)
• 姦通(かんつう) (kantsū)
• 姦徒(かんと) (kanto)
• 姦盗(かんとう) (kantō)
• 姦慝(かんとく) (kantoku), 姦慝(かんちょく) (kanchoku)
• 姦佞(かんねい) (kannei)
• 姦夫(かんぷ) (kanpu)
• 姦婦(かんぷ) (kanpu)
• 姦物(かんぶつ) (kanbutsu)
• 姦謀(かんぼう) (kanbō)
• 姦民(かんみん) (kanmin)
• 姦雄(かんゆう) (kan'yū)
• 姦濫(かんらん) (kanran)
• 鶏姦(けいかん) (keikan)
• 強姦(ごうかん) (gōkan)
• 屍姦(しかん) (shikan)
• 視曲(しかん) (shikan)
• 獣姦(じゅうかん) (jūkan): bestiality (sexual activity)
• 相姦(そうかん) (sōkan)
• 賊姦(ぞっかん) (zokkan)
• 大姦(たいかん) (taikan)
• 佞姦(ねいかん) (neikan)
• 有夫姦(ゆうふかん) (yūfukan)
• 輪姦(りんかん) (rinkan)
• 和姦(わかん) (wakan)

Kanji in this term
姦
かん Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 姦 (MC kaen).

Alternative forms

• 奸, 姧

Adjective

姦(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 姦(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 姦(かん)に (kan ni))

1. wicked

Inflection

Inflection of 姦

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	姦だろ	かんだろ	kan daro
Continuative (連用形)	姦で	かんで	kan de
Terminal (終止形)	姦だ	かんだ	kan da
Attributive (連体形)	姦な	かんな	kan na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	姦なら	かんなら	kan nara
Imperative (命令形)	姦であれ	かんであれ	kan de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	姦ではない 姦じゃない	かんではない かんじゃない	kan de wa nai kan ja nai
Informal past	姦だった	かんだった	kan datta
Informal negative past	姦ではなかった 姦じゃなかった	かんではなかった かんじゃなかった	kan de wa nakatta kan ja nakatta
Formal	姦です	かんです	kan desu
Formal negative	姦ではありません 姦じゃありません	かんではありません かんじゃありません	kan de wa arimasen kan ja arimasen
Formal past	姦でした	かんでした	kan deshita
Formal negative past	姦ではありませんでした 姦じゃありませんでした	かんではありませんでした かんじゃありませんでした	kan de wa arimasen deshita kan ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	姦で	かんで	kan de
Conditional	姦なら（ば）	かんなら（ば）	kan nara (ba)
Provisional	姦だったら	かんだったら	kan dattara
Volitional	姦だろう	かんだろう	kan darō
Adverbial	姦に	かんに	kan ni
Degree	姦さ	かんさ	kansa

Noun

姦(かん) • (kan) 

1. wickedness, wicked person

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Korean

Hanja

姦 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 수간 (獸姦, sugan, “bestiality (sexual activity)”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 姦 (gian)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.