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U+59E6, 姦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59E6

[U+59E5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+59E7]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 38, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女女女 (VVV), four-corner 40444, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 260, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6217
  • Dae Jaweon: page 526, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1048, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+59E6

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : Triplication of (“woman”).

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. *

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • 1ke - vernacular;
  • 1ji - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕian²¹/
    Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiã²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
    Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕien³¹/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕie³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ke⁵³/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕiɪ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiẽ̞³³/
    Wenzhou /ka³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³¹/
    /kɛ³¹/
    Tunxi /kɔ¹¹/ 強~
    /t͡siɛ¹¹/ ~賊
    Xiang Changsha /kan³³/
    Xiangtan /kan³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kan⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kian⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kien²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kan⁵³/
    Nanning /kan⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kan⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kan⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kaŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kaiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kaŋ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (69)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter kaen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kˠan/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kᵚan/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kɐn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kaɨn/
    Li
    Rong
    /kan/
    Wang
    Li
    /kan/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kan/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    jiān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gaan1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    jiān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kæn ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[k]ˁran/
    English wicked(ness)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6027
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kraːn/

    Definitions

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    1. evil; wicked; treacherous
    2. evildoer; treacherous person
        ―  jiānrén  ―  bad person, evildoer
    3. to stage an armed rebellion or to steal
    4. traitor; betrayer
    5. to commit adultery
        ―  tōngjiān  ―  to commit adultery
    6. extramarital affair; adultery
    7. to rape
        ―  qiángjiān  ―  to rape

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    trad.
    simp. *
    alternative forms

    Pronunciation

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    Note: Rarely used alone in Quanzhou, in favor of 使 (sái), except Quanzhou-like accents in Taiwan that follow Quanzhou tones like Lukang and nearby areas.

    Definitions

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    1. (Hokkien, chiefly Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, vulgar) to fuck
    2. (Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar) An interjection used to express one's anger: fuck!
    3. (Hokkien, chiefly Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Singapore Hokkien, vulgar) to chide; to swear; to curse; to scold
      [Hokkien]  ―  I tio̍h kàn. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  He/She should scold.

    Synonyms

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    • (word to express one's anger): (cào)

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Alternative forms

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    Kanji

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    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. wicked
    2. mischief
    3. seduce
    4. rape
    5. noisy

    Readings

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    • Go-on: けん (ken)
    • Kan-on: かん (kan)
    • Kun: みだら (midara, )よこしま (yokoshima, )かしましい (kashimashii, 姦しい)

    Compounds

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    Kanji in this term
    かん
    Hyōgai
    on'yomi

    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (kˠan).

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    (かん) (kan-na (adnominal (かん) (kan na), adverbial (かん) (kan ni))

    1. wicked

    Inflection

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    Noun

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    (かん) (kan

    1. wickedness, wicked person

    References

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    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (MC kaen). Recorded as Middle Korean (kan) (Yale: kan) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 간음할 (ganeumhal gan))

    1. hanja form? of (evil; wicked; treacherous)
    2. hanja form? of (to rape; to fornicate)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: gian

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.