戇

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See also: 戆

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Translingual

Han character

戇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+24, 28 strokes, cangjie input 難卜金心 (XYCP) or 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 07338, composition ⿱贛心)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 409, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11525
  • Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2373, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6207

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
贛 *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms
灨 *kluːmʔ, *kluːms
竷 *kʰluːms
戇 *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms
洚 *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ
降 *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ
絳 *kruːŋs
栙 *ɡruːŋ
夅 *ɡruːŋ
跭 *ɡruːŋ
隆 *ɡ·ruːŋ
癃 *ɡ·ruːŋ
窿 *ɡ·ruːŋ
霳 *ɡ·ruːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms) : phonetic 贛 (OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

trad. 戇
simp. 戆

“Stupid”. Attested abundantly in Old Chinese, but obsolete in modern varieties. Compared with Proto-Mon *trɔɔʔ (> Mon သ္ဒိုဟ် (tɜ̀h, “foolish, stupid”)) by Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 戇 戇
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 呼貢切 陟降切
Baxter xuwngH traewngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/huŋH/ /ʈˠʌŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/huŋH/ /ʈᵚɔŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xuŋH/ /ȶɔŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/həwŋH/ /ʈaɨwŋH/
Li
Rong 		/xuŋH/ /ȶɔŋH/
Wang
Li 		/xuŋH/ /ȶɔŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xuŋH/ /ȶɔŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hòng zhuàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hung3 zong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 戇
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhuàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xuwngH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰˁoŋ-s/
English stupid (Beaudouin, Sagart & Baxter, 2021)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 戇 戇
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6277 6291
Phonetic
component 		夅 夅
Rime
group 		談 談
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		戇 烘
Old
Chinese 		/*kr'oːms/ /*qʰloːms/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 戇

  1. † stupid
  2. † blunt and tactless

Etymology 2

trad. 戇
simp. 戆
alternative forms 怣 Min Nan
憨 Min Nan

Dialectally preserved word for “stupid”, attested since Middle Chinese. Relationship to Etymology 1 is unknown.

Compare Proto-Central Chin *ŋoŋ (“dull, stupid”) > Mizo ngawng (“dull, stupid”), Proto-Tai-Kadai *ŋV:ŋ.T (“stupid”) > Zhuang nguengh (“stupid”), as well as Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "mkh-okm" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF. > Khmer ល្ងង់ (lngŭəng)).

Bauer (1996) suggests that this root may have entered Old Southern Chinese during the period of its early contact with Tai-speaking peoples in southern China.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 戇

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) stupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded
  2. (dialectal Mandarin) stubborn; bull-headed
  3. (dialectal Mandarin) frank; honest; straight
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 傻 (“foolish”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 傻
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 傻
Taiwan 傻
Singapore 傻, 戇
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 傻
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 瓜
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 哈, 瓜, 寶
Wuhan 苕, 哈, 嘎
Guilin 哈
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 呆, 木足, 瓜
Hefei 呆, 傻
Cantonese Guangzhou 戇, 傻, 戇居
Hong Kong 傻, 戇, 戇居
Taishan 傻, 吽, 戇
Dongguan 戇, 傻, 吽
Yangjiang 傻, 戇
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 傻, 戇
Singapore (Guangfu) 傻, 戇
Gan Nanchang 蟬
Hakka Meixian 傻, 戇
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 戇, 傻
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 傻
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 戇
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 戇
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 戇鳩
Boluo (Bendihua) 呆愕
Heyuan (Bendihua) 戇
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 戇鬼
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 傻
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 慢, 嚒
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 戇鳩
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 戇
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 傻
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 戇鳩
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 戇鳩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 戇
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 戇
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 戇
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 戇
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 戇
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 戇
Jin Taiyuan 傻, 二不楞
Northern Min Jian'ou 賴, 戇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 戇
Fuzhou (Changle) 戇
Fuqing 戇
Yongtai 戇
Gutian 阿褒
Fu'an 戇
Ningde 戇, 庸
Shouning 戇, 庸
Zhouning 戇
Fuding 庸
Matsu 戇
Southern Min Xiamen 戇
Quanzhou 戇, 潲面 vulgar
Zhangzhou 戇, 哚哥, 潲面 vulgar
Zhao'an 戇
Kaohsiung 戇
Changhua (Lukang) 戇
Taichung 戇
Taichung (Wuqi) 呆
Tainan 槌, 戇
Hsinchu 戇
Penghu (Magong) 戇
Penang (Hokkien) 戇
Singapore (Hokkien) 戇, 悇, 呆, 歁戇, 戇戇, 戇呆, 呆呆, 悇悇
Manila (Hokkien) 戇, 戇戇, 洽, 洽潲 vulgar, 洽仔, 山猴, 三八, 三八潲 vulgar
Chaozhou 㦙, 白仁, 戇
Jieyang 㦙, 白仁, 戇
Singapore (Teochew) 㦙, 戇, 悇
Wenchang 戇, 傻
Haikou 戇
Qionghai 戇
Singapore (Hainanese) 戇
Wu Shanghai 戇, 壽, 糞
Shanghai (Songjiang) 戇, 壽, 踱
Suzhou 戇, 壽, 踱
Wuxi 戇, 壽
Tongxiang 踱
Ningbo 呆, 戇
Wenzhou 呆, 憨
Xiang Changsha 寶, 醒
Shuangfeng 哈

Compounds

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Japanese

Kanji

戇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

戇 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

戇: Hán Việt readings: tráng (陟(trắc)降(giáng)切(thiết))[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. ^ Trần (2004).
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