竊

See also: 窃

Translingual

Japanese	窃
Simplified	窃
Traditional	竊

Han character

竊 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+17, 22 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹木月 (JCHDB), four-corner 3092₇, composition ⿱穴⿰釆⿳⺊𠔿禸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 870, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25713
• Dae Jaweon: page 1299, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2747, character 7
• Unihan data for U+7ACA

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Chinese

trad.		竊
simp.		窃
alternative forms		𫞺 𫁝 (historical variant) 𥨱 (historical variant) 𥨵 (corrupted form) 𢿝 (ancient form)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

The current form likely derives from a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 䊪 (OC *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd), as attested in the Western Han period. 宀 is later replaced with 穴, and 萬 corrupts into 廿 and 禼. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen erroneously interprets this character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːd) : semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 廿 (OC *zid) + phonetic 禼 (OC *sed). In the current form, 廿 is omitted and 米 is replaced with 釆.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiè (qie⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sit³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiat / chhiap

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciab⁴ / ciag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiè
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
    • Wade–Giles: chʻieh⁴
    • Yale: chyè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
    • Palladius: це (ce)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sit³
    • Yale: sit
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sit⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: xid³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːt̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiat / chhiap
    • Tâi-lô: tshiat / tshiap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiad, chiab
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛt̚⁵/, /t͡sʰiap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡sʰiap̚³²/

Note:

• chhiat - literary;
• chhiap - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ciab⁴ / ciag⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiap / tshiak
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiap̚²/, /t͡sʰiak̚²/

Note:

• ciab4 - Chaozhou;
• ciag4 - Shantou.

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• Middle Chinese: tshet

Rime
Character	竊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	千結切
Baxter	tshet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛt̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰet̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cit3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤet/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiè
Middle Chinese	‹ tshet ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁet/
English	steal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竊
Reading #	1/1
No.	10472
Phonetic component	竊
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːd/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 竊

1. to steal
2. thief
3. to acquire illegitimately; to usurp
4. secretly; stealthily
5. (literary, humble) personally

   • 臣竊計，君宮中積珍寶，狗馬實外廄，美人充下陳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     臣窃计，君宫中积珍宝，狗马实外厩，美人充下陈。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Chén qiè jì, jūn gōng zhōng jī zhēn bǎo, gǒu mǎ shí wài jiù, měirén chōng xiàzhèn. [Pinyin]

     I took the liberty to make an assessment and saw that the palace of our lord was piled full of precious things and treasures, with dogs and horses filling the outside stable and beautiful women filling the front hall.

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Japanese

Shinjitai	窃
Kyūjitai	竊

Kanji

竊

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 窃)

1. to steal (“nusumu” reading)
2. secret; hushed, quietly (“hisoka” reading)

Readings

• Go-on: せち (sechi)
• Kan-on: せつ (setsu)
• Kun: ぬすむ (nusumu, 竊む); ひそか (hisoka, 竊か)

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Korean

Hanja

竊 • (jeol) (hangeul 절, revised jeol, McCune–Reischauer chŏl, Yale cel)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 竊 (thiết)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.