臥

See also: 卧

Translingual

Han character

臥 (Kangxi radical 131, 臣+2, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸中人 (SLO), four-corner 7870₀, composition ⿰臣人)

Derived characters

• 䖙, 䭆, 𠥸 (Only for Taiwan standardized character forms. Mainland China characters contain 卧 instead of 臥)
• 𭈌, 𦱽, 𧗄, 𧨭, 𧇬, 𫇉

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 999, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30071
• Dae Jaweon: page 1450, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2801, character 3
• Unihan data for U+81E5

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Chinese

trad.		臥
simp.		卧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臥
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臣 + 人.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wò (wo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вә (və, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngo
• Eastern Min (BUC): nguô
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gō / ngō͘ / gō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): o⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶ngu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wò
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wò
    • Wade–Giles: wo⁴
    • Yale: wò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woh
    • Palladius: во (vo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вә (və, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /və⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngo⁶
    • Yale: ngoh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngo
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngo
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngo⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋo⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nguô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuɔ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō
    • Tâi-lô: gō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡo²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngō͘
    • Tâi-lô: ngōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō͘
    • Tâi-lô: gōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: go
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡɔ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: o⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ŏ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /o³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶ngu
    • MiniDict: ngu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋu²³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 臥
Mandarin	Beijing	/uo⁵¹/
	Harbin	/uo⁵³/
	Tianjin	/uo⁵³/
	Jinan	/və²¹/
	Qingdao	/və²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/uo³¹²/
	Xi'an	/uo⁴⁴/
	Xining	/u²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/və¹³/
	Lanzhou	/və¹³/
	Ürümqi	/vɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/uo³⁵/
	Chengdu	/o¹³/ /ŋo¹³/
	Guiyang	/o²¹³/
	Kunming	/o²¹²/
	Nanjing	/o⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʊ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vɤ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/uə³⁵/
	Hohhot	/vɤ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ŋu²³/
	Suzhou	/ŋəu³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦo¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ŋo²²/
	Tunxi	/ŋo¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/o⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/ŋo⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ŋo²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋo⁵³/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋɔ²²/
	Nanning	/ŋɔ²²/
	Hong Kong	/ŋɔ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/go²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋuɔ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ŋɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/o³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ŋo³⁵/ /ai²¹³/ 訓偃

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• Middle Chinese: ngwaH

Rime
Character	臥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	吾貨切
Baxter	ngwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaH/
Li Rong	/ŋuɑH/
Wang Li	/ŋuɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋuɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngo6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤ[o]j-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wò
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwaH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁ[o]j-s/
English	lie down, sleep
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臥
Reading #	1/1
No.	13061
Phonetic component	臥
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	臥
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷaːls/
Notes	原象人倚臣臨時休憩， 或雲臣爲宿右下席形之訛

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 臥

1. to lie down
2. to crouch

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

臥

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. to lie down
2. prostrate

Readings

• Go-on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}
• Kan-on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}
• Kun: がす (gasu, 臥す); こゆ (koyu, 臥ゆ); こやす (koyasu, 臥す); こやる (koyaru, 臥る); ふす (fusu, 臥す); ふさる (fusaru, 臥さる); ふせる (fuseru, 臥せる)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
臥
が Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 臥 (MC ngwaH).

Affix

臥(が) • (ga) ^{←ぐわ (gwa)?}

1. to bend down; to lie down; to prostrate

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Korean

Hanja

臥 • (wa) (hangeul 와)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 臥 (ngọa, ngoạ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.