采

See also: 埰, 採, and 釆

Translingual

Han character

采 (Kangxi radical 165, 釆+1, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木 (BD), four-corner 2090₄, composition ⿱爫木)

Derived characters

• 𤔁, 倸, 𨺉, 㥒, 䣋, 啋, 埰, 婇, 寀, 彩, 採, 𡸯, 𣶶, 𤟖, 䐆, 棌, 𣈄, 𤊕, 𤚀, 𥚖, 睬, 𤷕, 𬎱, 䌽, 綵, 菜, 𨤔, 𫆇, 踩, 𧳥, 𨨫, 𩓰, 䰂

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1290, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40116
• Dae Jaweon: page 1790, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3898, character 2
• Unihan data for U+91C7

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		采

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 采
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (采) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
采	*sʰɯːʔ
睬	*sʰɯːʔ
彩	*sʰɯːʔ
採	*sʰɯːʔ
綵	*sʰɯːʔ
寀	*sʰɯːʔ
菜	*sʰɯːs
埰	*sʰɯːs
棌	*sʰɯːs

Pictogram (象形) . Two forms can be found in oracle bone script:

1. 爪 (“hand”) + 果 (“fruit”) – a hand (爪) picking fruits from a tree (果 (guǒ)).
2. 爪 (“hand”) + 木 (“tree”) – a hand (爪) picking from a tree (木 (mù)).

The current glyph is of composition 2.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎi (cai³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coi²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhái
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhái

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎi
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻai³
    • Yale: tsǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsae
    • Palladius: цай (caj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: coi²
    • Yale: chói
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: coi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhái
    • Hakka Romanization System: cai`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cai³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhái
    • Tâi-lô: tshái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhae
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tshojX

Rime
Character	采
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉宰切
Baxter	tshojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰəiX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəjX/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰᴀiX/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɒiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.r̥ˤəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	采	采
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǎi	cǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ tshojX ›	‹ tshojX ›
Old Chinese	/*s.r̥ˁəʔ/	/*s.r̥ˁəʔ/
English	gather, pluck	colorful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	采
Reading #	1/1
No.	1070
Phonetic component	采
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	采
Old Chinese	/*sʰɯːʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 采

1. to pick
2. to choose
3. to collect
4. to exploit
5. to gain
6. to accept

   alt. forms: *採／*采 (1~6)

7. thing
8. official position
9. currency
10. tomb
11. color

    alt. forms: *綵／*彩, 彩 (cǎi)

12. colored cloth

    alt. forms: *綵／*彩, 彩 (cǎi)

13. literary talent

    alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi)

14. luster

    alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi)

15. beautiful in words but poor in contents
16. complexion
17. expression; spirit

    興高采烈 (xìnggāocǎiliè)

18. wager
19. oak
20. to drag
21. to heed

    alt. forms: *採／*采, 睬 (cǎi), 倸 (cǎi)

22. vine
23. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cài (cai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cài
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cài
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻai⁴
    • Yale: tsài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsay
    • Palladius: цай (caj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 采

1. fief

   alt. forms: *寀／*采, 埰 (cài)

2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 菜 (cài).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 采 – see 採 (“to pick; to pluck; to select; to choose; to pick; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 採).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 采 – see 彩 (“variegated colors; rich and bright colors; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 彩).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

采

(Jōyō kanji)

1. a die, dice

Readings

• Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
• Kun: とる (toru, 采る)

Noun

采(さい) • (sai) 

1. a die, dice

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Korean

Hanja

采 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.