雷同

Chinese

		thunder	like; same; similar like; same; similar; together; alike; with
trad. (雷同)		雷	同
simp. #(雷同)		雷	同

Etymology

In ancient China it was believed that all living things would respond when thunder struck. From this came the extended meaning "to echo what others say".

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): léitóng

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁴ tung⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lûi-tông

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: léitóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: léitóng
    • Wade–Giles: lei²-tʻung²
    • Yale: léi-túng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leitorng
    • Palladius: лэйтун (lɛjtun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: leoi⁴ tung⁴
    • Yale: lèuih tùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁴ tung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁴ tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûi-tông
    • Tâi-lô: luî-tông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lui'doong
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui¹³⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lui²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: lwoj duwng

Rime
Character	雷	同
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	魯回切	徒紅切
Baxter	lwoj	duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luʌi/	/duŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/luoi/	/duŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/luɒi/	/duŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwəj/	/dəwŋ/
Li Rong	/luᴀi/	/duŋ/
Wang Li	/luɒi/	/duŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/luɑ̆i/	/dʱuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	léi	tóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi4	tung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤuj  lˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ruːl  doːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	雷	同
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	léi	tóng
Middle Chinese	‹ lwoj ›	‹ duwng ›
Old Chinese	/*C.rˁuj/	/*lˁoŋ/
English	thunder	together, join
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雷	同
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7707	12446
Phonetic component	畾	同
Rime group	微	東
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	雷	同
Old Chinese	/*ruːl/	/*doːŋ/
Notes		甲金文象有節筒管與口協合， 如此方能音律諧和， 爲筒（簫）初文

Verb

雷同

1. to be identical (when that should not be the case); to mirror each other; to resemble

   如有雷同，純屬巧合。 [MSC, trad.]
   如有雷同，纯属巧合。 [MSC, simp.]

   Rú yǒu léitóng, chúnshǔ qiǎohé. [Pinyin]

   Any resemblance to actual individuals or events is purely coincidental.

2. to echo what others say; to parrot

(deprecated template usage)