麥
See also: 麦
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
麥 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十人弓戈 (JONI), four-corner 40207, composition ⿱來夂)
- Kangxi radical #199, ⿆.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1512, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47717
- Dae Jaweon: page 2041, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4600, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9EA5
Chinese
| trad. | 麥 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 麦* | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 麥 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯːɡ) : phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ) + semantic 夊 (“foot; to walk slowly”). 來 was the original character for “wheat”. Several possible interpretations:
- This character originally meant “to come”. Because the simpler 來 was commonly used for this (borrowed) sense, its original meaning (“wheat”) switched with 麥.
- 夊 represents the ancient concept that wheat came from the heavens.
- 夊 represents growth of the wheat plant.
Etymology
Etymologically unrelated to 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “to come”). Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m‑rə(k) (“buckwheat”) and cognate with Tibetan བྲ་བོ (bra bo, “buckwheat”); also compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *g-ra² (“buckwheat”). STEDT compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bra (“buckwheat”) (provisional).
Starostin (2009), on the other hand, compares 麥 (OC *mrɯːɡ, “wheat”) to Proto-Tungusic *murgi (“barley”), Middle Korean 밇 (milh, “wheat”), Old Japanese [script needed] (mugji, “wheat; barley”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): me2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mah6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): mà
- Eastern Min (BUC): măk / mĕk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5maq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): me6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mài
- Wade–Giles: mai4
- Yale: mài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: may
- Palladius: май (maj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /maɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: me2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: me
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mak6 / maak6
- Yale: mahk / maahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: mak9 / maak9
- Guangdong Romanization: meg6 / mag6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐk̚²/, /maːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: maak6 - variant.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: mak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐbak̚³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mah6
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ma̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: mag
- Hagfa Pinyim: mag6
- Sinological IPA: /mak̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /miəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mà
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: măk / mĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /maʔ⁵/, /mɛiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- măk - vernacular;
- mĕk - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍h
- Tâi-lô: be̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: beh
- IPA (Quanzhou): /beʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /beʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍eh
- Tâi-lô: be̍eh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: be̍k
- Tâi-lô: bi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: bek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍k
- Tâi-lô: bia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: biak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /biak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- be̍h/be̍eh - vernacular;
- be̍k/bia̍k - literary.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 麥 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /mai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /mai⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /mai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /mei²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /me⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /mɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /mei²¹/ | |
| Xining | /mɨ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /mia¹³/ /mɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /mə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /mai²¹³/ /mei⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /mɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /me³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /mɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /mə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /məʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /mɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /mai⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /miʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /miaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /maʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /mɑʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /mɑʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ma²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /mɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ma¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /mə²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /mai²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /mɑʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /mak̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /mɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mɐk̚²/ |
| Nanning | /mɐk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /mɐk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /bik̚⁵/ /beʔ⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /maʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ma⁴²/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /beʔ⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /vɛ³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: meak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-rˤək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯːɡ/
Definitions
- wheat; barley; oats
- (Hainanese) corn; maize
- Short for 麥克風／麦克风 (màikèfēng, “microphone”).
- Short for 麥克斯韋／麦克斯韦 (Màikèsīwéi).
- a surname
Synonyms
- The dial-syn page 「麥克風」 does not yet exist. Create the data page and the map!
Compounds
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Descendants
References
- (Min Nan) “Entry #8112”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
| 麦 | |
| 麥 |
Kanji
麥
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麦)
Readings
Korean
Hanja
麥 • (maek)
- Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 맥 (revised: maek, McCune–Reischauer: maek, Yale: mayk)
- Name (hangeul): 보리Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Please migrate to the syntax described at Template:ko-hanja/new
(revised: bori, McCune–Reischauer: pori)
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 麥 (mạch)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Categories:
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
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- Eastern Min nouns
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- Teochew nouns
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading みゃく
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ばく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading むぎ
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