-ek
Breton
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ek
- Adjectival suffix
Derived terms
Related terms
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Suffix
-ek m
- forms masculine diminutive nouns
Declension
inanimate declension:
animate declension:
Derived terms
Further reading
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
-e- (linking vowel) + -k (plural suffix)
Suffix
-ek
Usage notes
- (plural suffix) Variants:
- -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
- The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
- If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).
Etymology 2
-e- (linking vowel) + -k (personal suffix)
Suffix
-ek
- (personal suffix) Used to form the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Variants:
See also
Kurdish
Etymology
Cognate with yek (one)
Article
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Polish
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Suffix
-ek m
- masculine diminutive noun suffix
Declension
Masculine personal:
Declension of -ek
Masculine animate:
Declension of -ek
Masculine inanimate:
Declension of -ek
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian
Suffix
-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.
See also
Suffix
-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.
Yup'ik
Suffix
-ek
Usage notes
A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.[1]
References
Categories:
- Breton terms with IPA pronunciation
- Breton lemmas
- Breton suffixes
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech lemmas
- Czech suffixes
- Czech diminutive suffixes
- Czech masculine suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Kurdish suffixes
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish diminutive suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian diminutive suffixes
- Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian
- Yup'ik lemmas
- Yup'ik suffixes