濁

See also: 浊

濁 U+6FC1, 濁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FC1 ← 激 [U+6FC0] CJK Unified Ideographs 濂 → [U+6FC2]

Translingual

Han character

濁 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水田中戈 (EWLI), four-corner 3612₇, composition ⿰氵蜀)

Derived characters

• 𢹅, 𤅴

Related characters

• 浊 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18440
• Dae Jaweon: page 1064, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1758, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6FC1

---

Chinese

trad.		濁
simp.		浊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 濁
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
襡	*toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣	*toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ
斣	*toːɡs
歜	*sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ
斀	*rtoːɡ
孎	*rtoːɡ, *toɡ
濁	*rdoːɡ
鐲	*rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀	*rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ
擉	*sʰroːɡ
獨	*doːɡ
髑	*doːɡ
韣	*doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸	*toɡ
钃	*toɡ
欘	*toɡ
躅	*doɡ
蠋	*doɡ, *tjoɡ
燭	*tjoɡ
囑	*tjoɡ
矚	*tjoɡ
屬	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
属	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
蠾	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
觸	*tʰjoɡ
臅	*tʰjoɡ
觕	*sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀	*djoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdoːɡ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhug / thug

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cug⁶

• Eastern Min (BUC): cŏk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ta̍k / cho̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zuag⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
    • Wade–Giles: cho²
    • Yale: jwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
    • Palladius: чжо (čžo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zuk⁶
    • Yale: juhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhug / thug
    • Hakka Romanization System: cug^ˋ / tug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cug⁵ / tug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰug²/, /tʰug²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡souʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍k / cho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ta̍k / tso̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dak, zok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tak̚²⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tak̚¹²¹/, /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/

Note:

• ta̍k - vernacular;
• cho̍k - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zuag⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsua̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suak̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: draewk

Rime
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	直角切
Baxter	draewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ȡɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ȡɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zok6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-tˤ]rok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rdoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuó
Middle Chinese	‹ dræwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-tˁ]rok/
English	muddy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
No.	11813
Phonetic component	蜀
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	濁
Old Chinese	/*rdoːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 濁

1. muddy; turbid; dirty; filthy
2. chaotic; disorderly
3. (of voice) deep and thick
4. (phonetics, of consonants) voiced
5. (Cantonese) to choke; to gag

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		渾濁, 混濁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	渾
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	渾
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	溷
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	渾
	Wuhan	渾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	渾
	Hefei	渾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	濁
	Hong Kong	濁
	Yangjiang	濁
Gan	Nanchang	渾
Hakka	Meixian	渾
Jin	Taiyuan	溷
Northern Min	Jian'ou	渾, 濁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	渾
Southern Min	Xiamen	醪, 醪濁
	Zhangzhou	醪
	Chaozhou	醪
	Haikou	醪
Wu	Suzhou	渾
	Wenzhou	渾
Xiang	Changsha	渾
	Shuangfeng	渾

• (to choke): 嗆／呛 (qiāng)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 濁 – see 醪 (“(Min Nan) dirty”). (This character is a variant form of 醪).

---

Japanese

Kanji

濁

(Jōyō kanji)

1. muddy

Readings

• Go-on: じょく (joku)^{←ぢよく (dyoku, historical)}
• Kan-on: たく (taku)
• Kan’yō-on: だく (daku, Jōyō)
• Kun: にごす (nigosu, 濁す, Jōyō)、にごり (nigori, 濁り)、にごる (nigoru, 濁る, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 濁音(だくおん) (dakuon)
• 濁点(だくてん) (dakuten)

• 半濁点(はんだくてん) (handakuten)
• 連濁(れんだく) (rendaku): rendaku, sequential voicing

---

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 濁 (MC draewk). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁〮 (thák) (Yale: thak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

濁 (eumhun 흐릴 탁 (heuril tak))

1. hanja form^? of 탁 (“muddy, cloudy”)

Compounds

• 혼탁 (混濁/溷濁/渾濁, hontak, “being muddy; turbid”)
• 탁류 (濁流, tangnyu, “muddy current; turbid waters”)
• 탁주 (濁酒, Takju, “Takju, Korean unfiltered rice wine”)
• 둔탁 (鈍濁, duntak, “being blunt; dull”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

---

Vietnamese

Han character

濁: Hán Nôm readings: trọc, đục, rục, sộc, chọc, trạc, trọa/troạ, trộc, trậc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.