Category:Dutch class 5 strong verbs
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Fundamental » All languages » Dutch » Lemmas » Verbs » By inflection type » Strong » Class 5
Verbs where the ablaut vowel was followed by consonant other than a sonorant in Proto-Indo-European.
As class 4, this class is rather small and has preserved a vowel length change between the singular and the plural forms of the past tense. But contrary to class 4, the vowel sound of the past participle is /eː/ and not /oː/.
The anomalous root zien has experienced a loss of the original /h/, with a resulting assimilation of the stem vowel to the vowel of the inflection, it also preserves the Verner alternation between this original /h/ and a /g/ in the past. The class also contains a specific group of three anomalous roots with a short vowel in the present tense, the so-called j-presents. These roots had a j-suffix in the present tense which geminated the preceding consonant and later blocked the open syllable lengthening that the regular verbs underwent.
The paradigms are:
| Form | Regular | Anomalous | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verner alternation | J-present | ||
| Present tense | /-eː-/ geven | /-iː-/ zien | /-i-/ liggen |
| Past tense singular | /-ɑ-/ gaf | /-ɑ-/ zag | /-ɑ-/ lag |
| Past tense plural | /-aː-/ gaven | /-aː-/ zagen | /-aː-/ lagen |
| Past participle | /-eː-/ gegeven | /-iː-/ gezien | /-eː-/ gelegen |
Pages in category "Dutch class 5 strong verbs"
The following 88 pages are in this category, out of 88 total.