Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*per-

  2. before, in front
  3. first

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)‎ (16 c, 0 e)
Unsorted formations
  • Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰamás (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *pre[3]

Root[edit]

*per- (perhaps related to previous root, as "front" > "go forth" or vice versa)

  2. to go through
  3. to carry forth, fare

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)‎ (17 c, 0 e)
  • *pér-ye-ti (ye-present)
  • *per-eh₂-yé-ti
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō) (see there for further descendants)
  • *por-éye-ti (causative)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *pariti (see there for further descendants)
      • ? Proto-Slavic: *pьrati (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”), *farjǭ (“ferry”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”) (formed from primary *faraną) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati
  • *por-ti (o-grade root present)
    • Proto-Germanic: *faraną (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Tocharian:
  • *pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)
  • *pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti
  • *pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti
  • *pér-tu-s (“crossing”)
  • *pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s
  • *por-dʰmo-
  • *pōr-i-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pór-mo-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas
      • Proto-Slavic: *pormъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *por-os
  • *por-teh₂
  • *por-ti-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)
      • Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)
    • Proto-Albanian: *priś
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)

Root[edit]

*per- (perhaps related to previous root, as "go forth" > "try"/"risk")

  2. to try, dare, risk

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (risk)‎ (5 c, 0 e)

Root[edit]

*per- (or *perH-)

  2. to sell

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (sell)‎ (1 c, 0 e)

Unsorted formations:

  • Proto-Hellenic:
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: pars (see there for further descendants)
    • Latin: portiō (see there for further descendants)
    • ? Latin: pār (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “para”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 311: “IE”
  3. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “enepre”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 89
  4. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “akwam-pere”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 4
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