carbon
English
| Chemical element | |
|---|---|
| C | |
| Previous: boron (B) | |
| Next: nitrogen (N) | |
Etymology
Borrowed from French carbone, coined by Lavoisier, from Latin carbō, carbōnem (“charcoal, coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”), see also Old English heorþ (“hearth”), Old Norse hyrr (“fire”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹 (hauri, “coal”), Old High German harsta (“roasting”), Russian церен (ceren, “brazier”), Old Church Slavonic крада (krada, “hearth, fireplace”), Lithuanian kuriu (“to heat”), karstas (“hot”) and krosnis (“oven”), Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa, “burnt, black”) and कूडयति (kūḍayati, “singes”), Latin cremō (“I consume or destroy by fire, burn; I burn something to ashes; I cremate; I make a burnt offering”).
Pronunciation
Noun
carbon (countable and uncountable, plural carbons)
- (uncountable) The chemical element (symbol C) with an atomic number of 6. It can be found in pure form for example as graphite, a black, shiny and very soft material, or diamond, a colourless, transparent, crystalline solid and the hardest known material.
- 2006, Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma, The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 20:
- Carbon is the most common element in our bodies—indeed, in all living things on earth.
- (countable) An atom of this element, in reference to a molecule containing it.
- A methane molecule is made up of a single carbon with four hydrogens.
- (countable, informal) A sheet of carbon paper.
- 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, page 51:
- He stepped back and opened his bag and took out a printed pad of D.O.A. forms and began to write over a carbon.
- 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, page 51:
- (countable, informal) A carbon copy.
- A fossil fuel that is made of impure carbon such as coal or charcoal.
- (ecology, uncountable) Carbon dioxide, in the context of global warming and climate change.
- 2014 April 25, Martin Lukacs, “Canada becoming launch-pad of a global tar sands and oil shale frenzy”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 190, number 20, page 13:
- If Alberta’s reserves are a carbon bomb, this global expansion of tar sands and oil shale exploitation amounts to an escalating emissions arms race, the unlocking of a subterranean cache of weapons of mass ecological destruction.
- A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp.
- A plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of a voltaic battery.
Derived terms
- activated carbon
- beta carbon nitride
- carb-, carbo-
- carbinol
- carbinyl
- carbon-12
- carbon-13
- carbon-14
- carbon anhydride
- carbon arc
- carbon audit
- carbon-based
- carbon bisulfide, carbon bisulphide
- carbon black
- carbon copy
- carbon-copy
- Carbon County
- carbon cycle
- carbon dating
- carbon debt
- carbon dioxide
- carbon disulfide, carbon disulphide
- carbon emissions trading
- carbon fiber, carbon fibre
- carbon fixation
- carbon footprint
- carbon group
- carbonic
- carbonise, carbonize
- carbonite
- carbonless
- carbon literacy
- carbon market
- carbon microphone
- carbon monoxide
- carbon nanofiber
- carbon nanofoam
- carbon nanotube
- carbon-neutral
- carbon-nitrogen cycle
- carbon offset
- carbonometer
- carbonous
- carbon oxide
- carbon oxychloride
- carbon oxysulfide, carbon oxysulphide
- carbon paper
- carbon printing
- carbon process
- carbon resistor
- carbon sequestering
- carbon star
- carbon steel
- carbon suboxide
- carbon tax
- carbon tetrabromide
- carbon tetrachloride
- carbon tetrafluoride
- carbon tetraiodide
- carbon trade
- carbon transmitter
- carbonyl
- Carborundum
- carboxyl
- carburet
- chlorocarbon
- chlorofluorocarbon
- chromo-carbon
- ferrocarbon
- fluorocarbon
- fluorochlorohydrocarbon
- glassy carbon
- halocarbon
- hydrocarbon
- radiocarbon
- sulfide of carbon, sulphide of carbon
Related terms
Translations
chemical element
|
informal: a sheet of carbon paper
|
informal: carbon copy
|
impure carbon (e.g., coal, charcoal)
|
ecology: carbon dioxide, in the context of global warming
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Verb
carbon (third-person singular simple present carbons, present participle carboning, simple past and past participle carboned)
- (Internet, intransitive) To cause (someone) to receive a carbon copy of an email message.
- When I send it, I'll carbon Julia so she's aware.
Synonyms
See also
carbon related terms
References
- Carbon on the British Royal Society of Chemistry's online periodic table
Anagrams
Danish
Alternative forms
- karbon (rare)
Noun
carbon
Usage notes
While kul (“coal”) is never used to refer to the element of carbon, it may sometimes replace it in names of derivations, such as kuldioxid/carbondioxid, kulsyre, kulilte/carbonmonoxid.
Declension
Declension of carbon
| neuter gender |
Singular | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | carbon | carbonet |
| genitive | carbons | carbonets |
Synonyms
Romanian
| Chemical element | |
|---|---|
| C | |
| Previous: bor (B) | |
| Next: azot (N) | |
Etymology
Borrowed from French carbone, coined by Lavoisier, from Latin carbō, carbōnem (“charcoal, coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”). Doublet of cărbune, inherited from the same Latin source.
Pronunciation
Noun
carbon n (uncountable)
- carbon (chemical element)
References
carbon in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin carbō, carbōnem.
Noun
carbon m (genitive singular carboin, no plural)
Derived terms
Mutation
| Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition |
| carbon | charbon |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |
Welsh
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
carbon m (uncountable)
Synonyms
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| carbon | garbon | ngharbon | charbon |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “carbon”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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