manifesto

See also: manifestó and manifestò

English

Etymology

Since the mid 17th century, from Italian manifesto, from manifestare +‎ -o, from Latin manifestō (“to make public”), from Latin manus + an uncertain second element. Doublet of manifest.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˌmæn.ɪˈfɛs.təʊ/, /ˌmæn.əˈfɛs.təʊ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˌmæn.əˈfɛs.toʊ/

Noun

manifesto (plural manifestos or manifestoes or manifesti)

1. A public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party.

   the Communist Manifesto

   A creed is a manifesto of religious or spiritual beliefs.

   • 1949, D. S. Mirsky, A History of Russian Literature‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Book Two, Chapter 6, pp. 494-5:

     During the worst days of Bolshevík tyranny, when book publishing had become impossible, the imaginists were a living reminder of undying freedom; they were the only independent group that were not afraid to make themselves noticed by the authorities, and they were wonderfully skilled in getting their slender little collections and manifestoes printed by fair means or foul.

   • 2023 October 28, Elizabeth Spiers, “A Tech Overlord’s Horrifying, Silly Vision for Who Should Rule the World”, in The New York Times‎^[2], →ISSN, archived from the original on 20 February 2026:

     As a piece of writing, the rambling and often contradictory manifesto has the pathos of the Unabomber manifesto but lacks the ideological coherency.

   • 2023 November 20, Nitish Pahwa, “What the Heck Just Happened at OpenAI??”, in Slate‎^[3], →ISSN, archived from the original on 15 September 2026:

     Beginning in summer 2022, such posters shared manifestos of an “e/acc” ideology squarely opposed to A.I. fearmongerers like the effective altruists and their fellow “decels” (aka “decelerationists”).

Derived terms

• countermanifesto
• cybermanifesto
• manifestolike
• mini-manifesto
• personifesto
• womanifesto

Translations

public declaration

• Albanian: manifest (sq) m
• Arabic: بَيَان (ar) (bayān)
• Armenian: մանիֆեստ (hy) (manifest)
• Azerbaijani: fərman-hümayun, manifest, bəyannamə (az)
• Belarusian: маніфе́ст m (manifjést), маніфэ́ст m (manifést)
• Bengali: বয়ান (bn) (boẏan), ইশতেহার (iśtehar)
• Bulgarian: манифе́ст (bg) m (manifést), изявле́ние (bg) n (izjavlénie)
• Catalan: manifest (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 宣言 (zh) (xuānyán), 公告 (zh) (gōnggào), 告示 (zh) (gàoshì), 聲明 / 声明 (zh) (shēngmíng)

• Czech: manifest (cs) m
• Danish: manifest (da) n, udtalelse c
• Dutch: manifest (nl) n
• Estonian: manifest (et)
• Finnish: manifesti (fi), ohjelmajulistus (fi)
• French: manifeste (fr) m
• Georgian: მანიფესტი (manipesṭi)
• German: Manifest (de) n
• Greek: μανιφέστο (el) n (manifésto)
• Gujarati: જાહેરનામું n (jāhernāmũ)
• Hebrew: מִנְשָׁר (he) (minshár), מָניפֶסט
• Hindi: घोषणापत्र m (ghoṣṇāpatra)
• Hungarian: kiáltvány (hu)
• Icelandic: stefnuyfirlýsing
• Indonesian: manifesto (id), manifes (id)
• Italian: manifesto (it) m
• Japanese: 檄 (ja) (げき, geki), 檄文 (ja) (げきぶん, gekibun), マニフェスト (ja) (manifesuto), 宣言 (ja) (せんげん, sengen)
• Kazakh: манифест (manıyfest)
• Khmer: និវេទនប័ណ្ណ (niveitĕəʼnĕəʼban)
• Korean: 선언(宣言) (ko) (seoneon), 성명서(聲明書) (seongmyeongseo), 공약(公約) (gong'yak)
• Kyrgyz: манифест (manifest)
• Lao: ຖະແຫຼງການ (tha ngrǣ kān)
• Latvian: manifests m
• Lithuanian: manifestas (lt) m
• Macedonian: ма́нифест m (mánifest)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: тунхаг (mn) (tunxag)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: manifest n

  Nynorsk: manifest n

• Persian: مانیفست (fa) (mânifest)
• Polish: manifest (pl) m
• Portuguese: manifesto (pt) m
• Romanian: manifest (ro) n
• Russian: манифе́ст (ru) m (manifést)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: манѝфест m

  Latin: manìfest (sh) m

• Slovak: manifest m
• Slovene: manifest (sl) m
• Spanish: manifiesto (es) m
• Swedish: manifest (sv) n
• Tajik: манифест (manifest)
• Thai: แถลงการณ์ (th) (tà-lɛ̌ɛng-gaan)
• Turkish: manifesto (tr)
• Ukrainian: маніфе́ст m (manifést)
• Urdu: مَنْشُور m (manśūr)
• Uzbek: manifest (uz)
• Vietnamese: tuyên ngôn (vi)

Verb

manifesto (third-person singular simple present manifestos, present participle manifestoing, simple past and past participle manifestoed)

1. (intransitive) To issue a manifesto.

Anagrams

• faintsome

Catalan

Verb

manifesto

1. first-person singular present indicative of manifestar

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maniˈfesto/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -esto
• Syllabification: ma‧ni‧fes‧to

Noun

manifesto (accusative singular manifeston, plural manifestoj, accusative plural manifestojn)

1. manifest

Further reading

• “manifesto”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “manifesto”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from English manifesto, from Italian manifesto, from Latin manifestō (“to make public”). Doublet of manifes.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /maniˈfɛstɔ/ [ma.niˈfɛs.t̪ɔ]
• Rhymes: -ɛstɔ
• Syllabification: ma‧ni‧fes‧to

Noun

manifesto

1. manifesto (a public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party)

   Synonym: manifes

Related terms

• manifes
• manifestasi

Further reading

• “manifesto”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛs.to/
• Rhymes: -ɛsto
• Hyphenation: ma‧ni‧fè‧sto

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin manifestus.

Adjective

manifesto (feminine manifesta, masculine plural manifesti, feminine plural manifeste)

1. manifest, apparent, evident, obvious

   Synonyms: evidente, noto, palese

Noun

manifesto m (plural manifesti)

1. manifesto
2. poster, placard, bill, notice

   Synonym: poster

3. (theater) playbill, programme/program, program

   Synonyms: cartellone, programma

4. (nautical) manifest

Descendants

• → Turkish: manifesto

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

manifesto

1. first-person singular present indicative of manifestare

Derived terms

• manifestamente
• manifestare

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ma.nɪˈfɛs.toː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ma.niˈfɛs.to]

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂-der.

Proto-Italic *manus

Latin manus

Latin manifestus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin manifestō

From manifestus (“apparent, palpable, manifest”) + -ō.

Alternative forms

• manifestē

Adverb

manifestō (comparative manifestius, superlative manifestissimē)

1. manifestly, openly, clearly
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 8.16:

     quid struat his coeptis, quem, si fortuna sequatur, / euentum pugnae cupiat, manifestius ipsi / quam Turno regi aut regi apparere Latino.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 2

Verb

manifestō (present infinitive manifestāre, perfect active manifestāvī, supine manifestātum); first conjugation

1. to exhibit, make public, show clearly
   • 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessiones 7.12.18:

     Et manifestatum est mihi quoniam bona sunt quae corrumpuntur.

     And it was made clear to me that all things are good even if they are corrupted.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of manifestō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	manifestō		manifestās		manifestat		manifestāmus		manifestātis		manifestant
	imperfect	manifestābam		manifestābās		manifestābat		manifestābāmus		manifestābātis		manifestābant
	future	manifestābō		manifestābis		manifestābit		manifestābimus		manifestābitis		manifestābunt
	perfect	manifestāvī		manifestāvistī		manifestāvit		manifestāvimus		manifestāvistis		manifestāvērunt, manifestāvēre
	pluperfect	manifestāveram		manifestāverās		manifestāverat		manifestāverāmus		manifestāverātis		manifestāverant
	future perfect	manifestāverō		manifestāveris		manifestāverit		manifestāverimus		manifestāveritis		manifestāverint
passive	present	manifestor		manifestāris, manifestāre		manifestātur		manifestāmur		manifestāminī		manifestantur
	imperfect	manifestābar		manifestābāris, manifestābāre		manifestābātur		manifestābāmur		manifestābāminī		manifestābantur
	future	manifestābor		manifestāberis, manifestābere		manifestābitur		manifestābimur		manifestābiminī		manifestābuntur
	perfect	manifestātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	manifestātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	manifestātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	manifestem		manifestēs		manifestet		manifestēmus		manifestētis		manifestent
	imperfect	manifestārem		manifestārēs		manifestāret		manifestārēmus		manifestārētis		manifestārent
	perfect	manifestāverim		manifestāverīs		manifestāverit		manifestāverīmus		manifestāverītis		manifestāverint
	pluperfect	manifestāvissem		manifestāvissēs		manifestāvisset		manifestāvissēmus		manifestāvissētis		manifestāvissent
passive	present	manifester		manifestēris, manifestēre		manifestētur		manifestēmur		manifestēminī		manifestentur
	imperfect	manifestārer		manifestārēris, manifestārēre		manifestārētur		manifestārēmur		manifestārēminī		manifestārentur
	perfect	manifestātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	manifestātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		manifestā		—		—		manifestāte		—
	future	—		manifestātō		manifestātō		—		manifestātōte		manifestantō
passive	present	—		manifestāre		—		—		manifestāminī		—
	future	—		manifestātor		manifestātor		—		—		manifestantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		manifestāre			manifestārī			manifestāns			—
future		manifestātūrum esse			manifestātum īrī			manifestātūrus			manifestandus
perfect		manifestāvisse			manifestātum esse			—			manifestātus
future perfect		—			manifestātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		manifestātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		manifestandī		manifestandō		manifestandum		manifestandō		manifestātum		manifestātū

Derived terms

• manifestātiō
• manifestātor

Descendants

• Catalan: manifestar
• English: manifest
• French: manifester
• Galician: manifestar
• Italian: manifestare
• Occitan: manifestar
• Old Galician-Portuguese: maenfestar, mãefestar
• Portuguese: manifestar
• Romanian: manifesta
• Sicilian: manifistari
• Spanish: manifestar

Related terms

• manifesta
• manifestārius
• manifestus

References

• “manifesto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “manifesto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “manifesto”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take a person in the act: deprehendere aliquem in manifesto scelere
    

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛs.tu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛs.tu/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ma.niˈfɛʃ.tu/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐ.niˈfɛʃ.tu/

• Audio (Brazil (Caipira)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛstu, -ɛʃtu
• Hyphenation: ma‧ni‧fes‧to

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂-der.

Proto-Italic *manus

Latin manus

Latin manifestuslbor.

Portuguese manifesto

Learned borrowing from Latin manifestus.

Adjective

manifesto (feminine manifesta, masculine plural manifestos, feminine plural manifestas)

1. manifest; evident; patent; notorious; public

Derived terms

• conteúdo manifesto
• destino manifesto

Noun

manifesto m (plural manifestos)

1. manifesto; manifest
   1. act or effect of manifesting
   2. public declaration in which the reasons that led to the practice of certain acts that are of interest to a community are set out
   3. (literature) programmatic text of a literary school or literary movement
   4. list presented in a public office, due to legal obligation, of agricultural or industrial production, of the existence of goods to be sold, etc.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

manifesto

1. first-person singular present indicative of manifestar

Further reading

• “manifesto”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “manifesto”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /maniˈfesto/ [mɐ.n̪ɪˈfɛs.t̪o]
  • IPA^(key): (with nativization) /maniˈpesto/ [mɐ.n̪ɪˈpɛs.t̪o]
• Rhymes: -esto
• Syllabification: ma‧ni‧fes‧to

Etymology 1

Noun

manifesto (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜒᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

1. alternative form of manipesto

Etymology 2

Noun

manifesto (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜒᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

1. alternative form of manipesto

Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂-der.

Proto-Italic *manus

Latin manus

Latin manifestuslbor.

Italian manifestobor.

Turkish manifesto

Borrowed from Italian manifesto.

Noun

manifesto (definite accusative manifestoyu, plural manifestolar)

1. manifesto (a public declaration; an open statement)

Declension

Declension of manifesto

singular plural nominative manifesto manifestolar definite accusative manifestoyu manifestoları dative manifestoya manifestolara locative manifestoda manifestolarda ablative manifestodan manifestolardan genitive manifestonun manifestoların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular manifestom manifestolarım 2nd singular manifeston manifestoların 3rd singular manifestosu manifestoları 1st plural manifestomuz manifestolarımız 2nd plural manifestonuz manifestolarınız 3rd plural manifestoları manifestoları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular manifestomu manifestolarımı 2nd singular manifestonu manifestolarını 3rd singular manifestosunu manifestolarını 1st plural manifestomuzu manifestolarımızı 2nd plural manifestonuzu manifestolarınızı 3rd plural manifestolarını manifestolarını dative singular plural 1st singular manifestoma manifestolarıma 2nd singular manifestona manifestolarına 3rd singular manifestosuna manifestolarına 1st plural manifestomuza manifestolarımıza 2nd plural manifestonuza manifestolarınıza 3rd plural manifestolarına manifestolarına locative singular plural 1st singular manifestomda manifestolarımda 2nd singular manifestonda manifestolarında 3rd singular manifestosunda manifestolarında 1st plural manifestomuzda manifestolarımızda 2nd plural manifestonuzda manifestolarınızda 3rd plural manifestolarında manifestolarında ablative singular plural 1st singular manifestomdan manifestolarımdan 2nd singular manifestondan manifestolarından 3rd singular manifestosundan manifestolarından 1st plural manifestomuzdan manifestolarımızdan 2nd plural manifestonuzdan manifestolarınızdan 3rd plural manifestolarından manifestolarından genitive singular plural 1st singular manifestomun manifestolarımın 2nd singular manifestonun manifestolarının 3rd singular manifestosunun manifestolarının 1st plural manifestomuzun manifestolarımızın 2nd plural manifestonuzun manifestolarınızın 3rd plural manifestolarının manifestolarının

Further reading

• “manifesto”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu