rend

See also: Rend

English

Etymology

From Middle English renden, from Old English rendan (“to rend, tear, cut, lacerate, cut down”), from Proto-Germanic *hrandijaną (“to tear”), of uncertain origin. Believed by some to be the causative of Proto-Germanic *hrindaną (“to push”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱret-, *kret- (“to hit, beat”), which would make it related to Old English hrindan (“to thrust, push”). Cognate with Scots rent (“to rend, tear”), Old Frisian renda (“to tear”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɛnd

Verb

rend (third-person singular simple present rends, present participle rending, simple past and past participle rent or rended)

1. (transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst

   Powder rends a rock in blasting.

   Lightning rends an oak.

   • 1610, The Tempest, by Shakespeare, act 1 scene 2

     If thou more murmur'st, I will rend an oak / And peg thee in his knotty entrails till / Thou hast howl'd away twelve winters.

   • 1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock, Bantam Books, pg. 317:

     We are most vulnerable now to the messages of the new subcults, to the claims and counterclaims that rend the air.

2. (transitive) To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force.
   • 1611, King James Version, Job 1:12:

     And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven.

3. (intransitive) To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to split.

   Relationships may rend if tempers flare.

Derived terms

• berend
• torend

Translations

to separate into parts with force

• Esperanto: disŝiri (eo)
• Finnish: särkeä (fi), pirstoa; halkaista (fi)
• French: rompre (fr)
• Greek:

  Ancient: σπαράσσω (sparássō)

• Irish: rois
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: spaccare (it)
• Latin: lacerō, laniō
• Portuguese: rasgar (pt)
• Russian: раздира́ть (ru) n (razdirátʹ), разрыва́ть (ru) n (razryvátʹ)
• Spanish: rasgar (es)
• Tok Pisin: brukim

to part or tear off forcibly

• Finnish: repäistä (fi), riuhtaista, repiä (fi)
• Maori: tīhae, tīhaehae
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Russian: отрыва́ть (ru) n (otryvátʹ)
• Tok Pisin: brukim

to be rent or torn

• Finnish: revetä (fi), repeytyä, pirstoutua (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Noun

rend (plural rends)

1. A violent separation of parts.
   • 2002, John S. Anderson, A Daughter of Light (page xvi)

     She'd been in a couple of minor car accidents herself, and witnessed a few others, and the rend of metal was unforgettable.

Anagrams

• NERD, dern, nerd

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Albanian

Etymology 1

An early loanword from a South Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *rędъ (“row, line”) with a preserved nasal. Compare Old Church Slavonic рѧдъ (rędŭ, “line, order”), Serbo-Croatian red (“row”), Bulgarian ред (red, “row”), and West Slavic descendant Polish rząd (“row”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾɛnd/

Noun

rend m (plural rende, definite rendi, definite plural rendet)

1. row, order, line
2. turn
3. class, category

Synonyms

• radhë
• rresht

Derived terms

• rendit
• renditje

Etymology 2

From Proto-Albanian *renta, from *rena, akin to Gothic 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (rinnan) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”).

Verb

rend (aorist renda, participle rendur)

1. to run, hurry

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Danish

Verb

rend

1. imperative of rende

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɑ̃/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

rend

1. third-person singular present indicative of rendre

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Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from a Slavic language. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rędъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian rȇd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɛnd]

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: rend

Noun

rend (plural rendek)

1. order

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	rend	rendek
accusative	rendet	rendeket
dative	rendnek	rendeknek
instrumental	renddel	rendekkel
causal-final	rendért	rendekért
translative	renddé	rendekké
terminative	rendig	rendekig
essive-formal	rendként	rendekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	rendben	rendekben
superessive	renden	rendeken
adessive	rendnél	rendeknél
illative	rendbe	rendekbe
sublative	rendre	rendekre
allative	rendhez	rendekhez
elative	rendből	rendekből
delative	rendről	rendekről
ablative	rendtől	rendektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	rendé	rendeké
non-attributive possessive - plural	rendéi	rendekéi

Possessive forms of rend
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	rendem	rendjeim
2nd person sing.	rended	rendjeid
3rd person sing.	rendje	rendjei
1st person plural	rendünk	rendjeink
2nd person plural	rendetek	rendjeitek
3rd person plural	rendjük	rendjeik

Derived terms

• rendel
• rendes
• rendetlen
• rendez
• rendű

 

Compound words

• Domonkos-rend
• értékrend
• házirend
• időrend
• menetrend
• napirend
• oszloprend
• rendellenes
• rendkívül
• rendőr
• rendszám
• rendszer
• rendszerint
• sorrend
• szerzetesrend

 

Further reading

• rend in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN