潘

潘 U+6F58, 潘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F58 ← 潗 [U+6F57] CJK Unified Ideographs 潙 → [U+6F59]

Translingual

Han character

潘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水竹木田 (EHDW), four-corner 3216₉, composition ⿰氵番)

Derived characters

• 藩, 籓, 𤄤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 649, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18236
• Dae Jaweon: page 1058, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1745, character 10
• Unihan data for U+6F58

Chinese

trad.		潘
simp. #		潘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (番) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皤	*paːl, *baːl
嶓	*paːl
番	*paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban
播	*paːls
譒	*paːls
鄱	*baːl
潘	*pʰaːn
蟠	*baːn, *ban
磻	*baːn
蕃	*pan, *ban
轓	*pan, *pʰan
鱕	*pan
鐇	*pan, *ban
藩	*pan, *ban
籓	*pan
橎	*panʔ
翻	*pʰan
幡	*pʰan
飜	*pʰan
旛	*pʰan, *ban
繙	*pʰan, *ban
燔	*ban
蹯	*ban
膰	*ban
羳	*ban
鷭	*ban
璠	*ban
襎	*ban
墦	*ban

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pān (pan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pun¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): pon¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phân

  (Hailu, HRS): pan^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pan¹

• Northern Min (KCR): púing
• Eastern Min (BUC): păng / pŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pong¹ / puong¹ / pua¹ / puaⁿ¹ / puang¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phun / phoaⁿ / phoan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pung¹ / puan¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹phoe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pān
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pan
    • Wade–Giles: pʻan¹
    • Yale: pān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pan
    • Palladius: пань (panʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pun¹
    • Yale: pūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pun¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: pun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: pon¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰᵘɔn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phân
    • Hakka Romanization System: pan^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰan²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: pan^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: púing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: păng / pŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /pʰuŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• păng - surname;
• pŭng - slops.

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: puong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuoŋ⁵³³/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pua¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰua⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: puaⁿ¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰũã⁵³³/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: puang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuaŋ⁵³³/

Note:

• pong1/puong1 - vernacular (“slops; swill; hogwash”);
• pua1/puaⁿ1 - vernacular (surname);
• puang1/puong1 - literary (also used as a surname by a few people in Putian).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phun / phoaⁿ / phoan
    • Tâi-lô: phun / phuann / phuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phwn, phvoaf, phoafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰun³³/, /pʰuã³³/, /pʰuan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/

Note:

• phun - vernacular (“water in which rice has been rinsed”);
• phoaⁿ - vernacular (surname);
• phoan - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: pung¹ / puan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phung / phuaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ³³/, /pʰũã³³/

Note:

• pung1 - “water in which rice has been rinsed”;
• puan1 - surname.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹phoe
    • MiniDict: phoe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹phoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰø⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: phan

Rime
Character	潘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	普官切
Baxter	phan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwan/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑn/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pun1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	潘
Reading #	1/1
No.	2877
Phonetic component	番
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	潘
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːn/

Definitions

潘

1. (obsolete or Min) water in which rice has been rinsed

   • 其間面垢，燂潘請靧。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     其间面垢，燂潘请𫖃。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Qíjiān miàn gòu, xún pān qǐng huì. [Pinyin]

     If in the meantime their faces appear dirty, they should heat the wafer in which the rice has been cleaned, and ask them to wash with it.

2. a surname

   潘愉  ―  Pān Yú  ―  Florence Y. Pan (Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit)

   潘金蓮／潘金莲  ―  Pān Jīnlián  ―  Pan Jinlian (fictional female character in Water Margin and Jin Ping Mei)

3. Used in place names.
4. (Greek mythology) Pan

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (潘):

• → Korean: 반(潘) (ban)
• → Vietnamese: Phan (潘)

Others:

• → English: Pan, Poon, Pun, Phua
• → Mandarin: ㄆㄨㄣ (pūn) (Taiwanese slang from Hokkien)
• → Tagalog: Pua (via Hokkien)

Compounds

• 喬勒潘／乔勒潘 (Qiáolèpān)
• 松潘 (Sōngpān)
• 潘口 (Pānkǒu)
• 潘塘 (Pāntáng)
• 潘家灣／潘家湾 (Pānjiāwān)
• 潘水
• 潘渡 (Pāndù)
• 潘瀾／潘澜
• 潘灡／潘𬉠

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pán (pan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pán
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pán
    • Wade–Giles: pʻan²
    • Yale: pán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parn
    • Palladius: пань (panʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän³⁵/

Definitions

潘

1. (obsolete) whirlpool

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fān (fan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fān
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fan
    • Wade–Giles: fan¹
    • Yale: fān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fan
    • Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän⁵⁵/

Definitions

潘

1. (obsolete, of water) to overflow

References

• “潘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #11192”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

潘

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. water in which rice has been washed

Readings

• Go-on: はん (han)
• Kan-on: はん (han)
• Kun: しろみず (shiromizu, 潘)^{←しろみづ (siromidu, 潘, historical)}

Proper noun

潘(はん) • (Han) 

1. a surname

Korean

Hanja

潘 • (ban, beon) (hangeul 반, 번, revised ban, beon, McCune–Reischauer pan, pŏn, Yale pan, pen)

1. hanja form^? of 반 (“a surname.”)

Vietnamese

Han character

潘: Hán Nôm readings: phan, Phan

1. chữ Hán form of Phan (“a surname”).

   潘佩珠 ― Phan Bội Châu