牡丹

Chinese

		male	red; pellet; powder red; pellet; powder; cinnabar
simp. and trad. (牡丹)		牡	丹

牡丹

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mǔdān

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ ㄉㄢ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mu³ dan¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maau⁵ daan¹ / mau⁵ daan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): méu-tân
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bó͘-tan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhou² duan¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶meu-te; ⁶mau-te

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǔdān → mǔdan (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ ㄉㄢ → ㄇㄨˇ ˙ㄉㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǔdån
    • Wade–Giles: mu³-tan⁵
    • Yale: mǔ-dan
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu.dan
    • Palladius: мудань (mudanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵/ → /mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: mu³ dan¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mu dan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵³ tan⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: maau⁵ daan¹ / mau⁵ daan¹
    • Yale: máauh dāan / máuh dāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maau⁵ daan¹ / mau⁵ daan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: mao⁵ dan¹ / meo⁵ dan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵/, /mɐu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: méu-tân
    • Hakka Romanization System: meu^ˋ dan^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: meu³ dan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /meu̯³¹ tan²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘-tan
    • Tâi-lô: bóo-tan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bofdafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhou² duan¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bóu tuaⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bou⁵²⁻³⁵ tũã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶meu-te; ⁶mau-te
    • MiniDict: meu^去 te; mau^去 te
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³meu-te; ³mau-te
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²² te⁴⁴/, /mɔ²² te⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: muwX tan

Rime
Character	牡	丹
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫厚切	都寒切
Baxter	muwX	tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məuX/	/tɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/məuX/	/tɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/məuX/	/tɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwX/	/tan/
Li Rong	/muX/	/tɑn/
Wang Li	/məuX/	/tɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯uX/	/tɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǒu	dān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau5	daan1

Noun

牡丹

1. tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan)
2. (obsolete) marlberry

Synonyms

• 木芍藥／木芍药

Derived terms

• 天竺牡丹 (tiānzhú mǔdān)
• 牡丹江 (Mǔdānjiāng)
• 黑牡丹菇 (hēimǔdāngū)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (牡丹):

• → Japanese: 牡(ぼ)丹(たん) (botan)
• → Korean: 모란(牡丹) (moran)
• → Vietnamese: mẫu đơn (牡丹)

Others:

• → Lü: ᦙᦴᦑᦱᧃᧈ (muutaan¹)
• → Thai: โบตั๋น (boo-dtǎn) (via Hokkien)

Proper noun

牡丹

1. (～區) Mudan (a district of Heze, Shandong, China)
2. (～鄉) Mudan (a mountain indigenous township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)

Descendants

• → English: Mudan
• → Russian: Мудань (Mudanʹ)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
牡	丹
ぼ Jinmeiyō	たん Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 牡丹 (MC muwX tan).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぼたん [bóꜜtàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bo̞tã̠ɴ]

Noun

牡(ぼ)丹(たん) or 牡丹(ボタン) • (botan) 

1. a peony, especially the Chinese tree peony, Paeonia suffruticosa

   Synonyms: 国色 (kokushoku), 天香国色 (tenkō kokushoku), 隣草 (tonarigusa), 名取草 (natorigusa), 富貴草 (fūkigusa), 深見草 (fukamigusa)

2. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of peony petals and twigs
3. (historical) boar meat
4. (card games) a suit in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of June

   Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 牡丹(ぼたん)色(いろ) (botan-iro)
• 牡(ボ)丹(タン)鸚(イン)哥(コ) (botan inko)
• 牡5丹(ボタン)海老(エビ), 牡(ボ)丹(タン)蝦(エビ) (botan ebi)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)花(か) (botanka)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)唐草(からくさ) (botan karakusa)
• 牡(ボ)丹(タン)杏(キョウ) (botankyō)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)江(こう) (Botan-kō)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)桜(ざくら) (botan-zakura)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)卵(たまご) (botan tamago)
• 牡丹(ボタン)蔓(ヅル) (botanzuru)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)亭(てい) (Botantei)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)灯籠(どうろう) (botan-dōrō)
• 牡(ボ)丹(タン)菜(ナ) (botanna)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)鍋(なべ) (botan nabe)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)刷毛(ばけ) (botan-bake)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)鱧(はも) (botan hamo)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)皮(ぴ) (botanpi)
• 牡(ボ)丹(タン)防風(ボウフウ) (botan bōfū)
• 牡丹(ぼた)餅(もち) (botamochi)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)槍(やり) (botan yari)
• 牡丹(ぼたん)雪(ゆき) (botan yuki)
• 石(いし)牡丹(ぼたん) (ishibotan)
• 蟹(かに)牡丹(ぼたん) (kani botan)
• 寒(かん)牡丹(ぼたん) (kanbotan)
• 狐(きつね)の牡丹(ぼたん) (kitsune no botan)
• 杏葉(ぎょうよう)牡丹(ぼたん) (gyōyō botan)
• 草(クサ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (kusa-botan)
• 黒(くろ)牡丹(ぼたん) (kurobotan), 黒(こく)牡丹(ぼたん) (kokubotan)
• 華(けまん)鬘牡丹(ぼたん) (keman botan)
• 近衛(このえ)牡丹(ぼたん) (konoe botan)
• 台木(だいぎ)牡丹(ぼたん) (daigi botan)
• 天竺(テンジク)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (Tenjiku botan)
• 野(ノ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (nobotan)
• 葉(ハ)牡丹(ボタン) (habotan)
• 藤(フジ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (fuji botan)
• 冬(ふゆ)牡丹(ぼたん) (fuyu botan)
• 松(マツ)葉(バ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (matsuba botan)
• 類葉(ルイヨウ)牡(ボ)丹(タン) (ruiyō botan)

Idioms

• 獅子(しし)に牡丹(ぼたん) (shishi ni botan), 牡丹(ぼたん)に唐(から)獅子(じし) (botan ni karajishi, “a lion and a peony → good combination”)
• 立(た)てば芍薬(しゃくやく)座(すわ)れば牡丹(ぼたん)歩(ある)く姿(すがた)は百合(ゆり)の花(はな) (tateba shakuyaku suwareba botan aruku sugata wa yuri no hana)

Proper noun

牡(ぼ)丹(たん) • (Botan) 

1. a place name
2. a surname
3. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
牡	丹
ぼう Jinmeiyō	たん Grade: S
on'yomi

/botan/ → /boːtan/

Long-pronounced form, replacing the kanyōon reading bo with the kan'on reading of bō. Primarily used in haiku, for example.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぼーたん [bòótáń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [bo̞ːtã̠ɴ]

Noun

牡(ぼう)丹(たん) or 牡丹(ボウタン) • (bōtan) 

1. a peony
2. a 小袖 (kosode, “short-sleeved robe”) worn by maidservants of the Imperial Palace
3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Korean

Hanja in this term
牡	丹

Noun

牡丹 • (moran) (hangeul 모란)

1. hanja form^? of 모란 (“peony”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
牡	丹

Noun

牡丹

1. chữ Hán form of mẫu đơn (“peony”).