烏賊

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See also: 乌贼

Chinese

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a crow; black; not
a crow; black; not; empty; void
 
thief
trad. (烏賊)
simp. (乌贼)
alternative forms 烏鰂乌鲗
鰞鰂鰞鲗
鰞鱡
烏鱡乌鱡

Etymology

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Attested earliest in the Yi Zhou Shu as □鰂 (missing 1st component being presumably ):

An early apperance of 烏鰂 is in the Huangdi Neijing (translation based on Yang, 2019):

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “「害」 "robbers to the detriment of crows" (Unschuld's 2021 translation) from 《南越志》 (quoted in 《本草綱目》) seems to be a folk etymology.”

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (34) (15)
Final () (23) (131)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter 'u dzok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔuo/ /d͡zək̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔuo/ /d͡zək̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔo/ /d͡zək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔɔ/ /d͡zək̚/
Li
Rong
/ʔo/ /d͡zək̚/
Wang
Li
/u/ /d͡zək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔuo/ /d͡zʱək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wu1 zak6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zéi
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔu › ‹ ʔu › ‹ ʔu › ‹ dzok ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ʔ]ˁa/ /*qˁa/ /*ʔˁa/ /*k.dzˁək/
English oh! crow, raven; black 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) injure; murderer, bandit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13077 16596
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qaː/ /*zɯːɡ/

Noun

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烏賊

  1. cuttlefish (Classifier: )

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
いか
Jinmeiyō Grade: S
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
(rare)
(rare)
(rare)
柔魚 (rare)
墨魚 (rare)
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ika. First cited to the 播磨風土記 (Satsuma Fudoki) of 715.[1]

Ultimate derivation uncertain. Derivations from within Japanese include:

Outside of Japanese, compare also Hawaiian iʻa, Maori ika (fish, marine animal in general), in turn ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *Sikan (fish).

The kanji is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 烏賊乌贼 (wūzéi, literally crow + murderer / thief). According to the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō) of 938, the spelling was chosen for the way that certain squid would feign death and float motionless on the surface near shore, and when a crow would come to pick up the "dead" squid, the squid would instead grab the crow and drag it underwater.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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烏賊(いか) or 烏賊(イカ) (ika

  1. [from 715] a squid (sea animal), a cuttlefish

Derived terms

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 烏賊”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN