بد

See also: پد and ـبد

Arabic

Root
ب د د (b d d)
5 terms

Etymology

Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Classical Persian بُت (but).

Noun

بُدّ • (budd) m (plural بِدَدَة (bidada) or أَبْدَاد (ʔabdād))

1. escape, means of avoiding something

   لَا بُدَّ مِن كَذَا

   lā budda min kaḏā

   there is no avoiding such a thing, such a thing is inevitable

2. flight
3. separation
4. part, portion
5. equivalent, substitute
7. idol

Declension

Declension of noun بُدّ (budd)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُدّ budd	الْبُدّ al-budd	بُدّ budd
nominative	بُدٌّ buddun	الْبُدُّ al-buddu	بُدُّ buddu
accusative	بُدًّا buddan	الْبُدَّ al-budda	بُدَّ budda
genitive	بُدٍّ buddin	الْبُدِّ al-buddi	بُدِّ buddi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُدَّيْن buddayn	الْبُدَّيْن al-buddayn	بُدَّيْ budday
nominative	بُدَّانِ buddāni	الْبُدَّانِ al-buddāni	بُدَّا buddā
accusative	بُدَّيْنِ buddayni	الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni	بُدَّيْ budday
genitive	بُدَّيْنِ buddayni	الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni	بُدَّيْ budday
plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بِدَدَة‎; أَبْدَاد bidada‎; ʔabdād	الْبِدَدَة‎; الْأَبْدَاد al-bidada‎; al-ʔabdād	بِدَدَة‎; أَبْدَاد bidadat‎; ʔabdād
nominative	بِدَدَةٌ‎; أَبْدَادٌ bidadatun‎; ʔabdādun	الْبِدَدَةُ‎; الْأَبْدَادُ al-bidadatu‎; al-ʔabdādu	بِدَدَةُ‎; أَبْدَادُ bidadatu‎; ʔabdādu
accusative	بِدَدَةً‎; أَبْدَادًا bidadatan‎; ʔabdādan	الْبِدَدَةَ‎; الْأَبْدَادَ al-bidadata‎; al-ʔabdāda	بِدَدَةَ‎; أَبْدَادَ bidadata‎; ʔabdāda
genitive	بِدَدَةٍ‎; أَبْدَادٍ bidadatin‎; ʔabdādin	الْبِدَدَةِ‎; الْأَبْدَادِ al-bidadati‎; al-ʔabdādi	بِدَدَةِ‎; أَبْدَادِ bidadati‎; ʔabdādi

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “بد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “بد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Verb

بَدَّ • (badda) I (non-past يَبُدُّ (yabuddu), verbal noun بَدّ (badd))

1. to disperse, distribute, spread

Conjugation

Conjugation of بَدَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun بَدّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						بَدّ badd
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						بَادّ bādd
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَبْدُود mabdūd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَدَدْتُ badadtu	بَدَدْتَ badadta	بَدَّ badda		بَدَدْتُمَا badadtumā	بَدَّا baddā		بَدَدْنَا badadnā	بَدَدْتُمْ badadtum	بَدُّوا baddū
	f		بَدَدْتِ badadti	بَدَّتْ baddat			بَدَّتَا baddatā			بَدَدْتُنَّ badadtunna	بَدَدْنَ badadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَبُدُّ ʔabuddu	تَبُدُّ tabuddu	يَبُدُّ yabuddu		تَبُدَّانِ tabuddāni	يَبُدَّانِ yabuddāni		نَبُدُّ nabuddu	تَبُدُّونَ tabuddūna	يَبُدُّونَ yabuddūna
	f		تَبُدِّينَ tabuddīna	تَبُدُّ tabuddu			تَبُدَّانِ tabuddāni			تَبْدُدْنَ tabdudna	يَبْدُدْنَ yabdudna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَبُدَّ ʔabudda	تَبُدَّ tabudda	يَبُدَّ yabudda		تَبُدَّا tabuddā	يَبُدَّا yabuddā		نَبُدَّ nabudda	تَبُدُّوا tabuddū	يَبُدُّوا yabuddū
	f		تَبُدِّي tabuddī	تَبُدَّ tabudda			تَبُدَّا tabuddā			تَبْدُدْنَ tabdudna	يَبْدُدْنَ yabdudna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَبُدَّ, أَبُدِّ, أَبْدُدْ ʔabudda, ʔabuddi, ʔabdud	تَبُدَّ, تَبُدِّ, تَبْدُدْ tabudda, tabuddi, tabdud	يَبُدَّ, يَبُدِّ, يَبْدُدْ yabudda, yabuddi, yabdud		تَبُدَّا tabuddā	يَبُدَّا yabuddā		نَبُدَّ, نَبُدِّ, نَبْدُدْ nabudda, nabuddi, nabdud	تَبُدُّوا tabuddū	يَبُدُّوا yabuddū
	f		تَبُدِّي tabuddī	تَبُدَّ, تَبُدِّ, تَبْدُدْ tabudda, tabuddi, tabdud			تَبُدَّا tabuddā			تَبْدُدْنَ tabdudna	يَبْدُدْنَ yabdudna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		بُدَّ, بُدِّ, اُبْدُدْ budda, buddi, ubdud			بُدَّا buddā				بُدُّوا buddū
	f		بُدِّي buddī							اُبْدُدْنَ ubdudna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بُدِدْتُ budidtu	بُدِدْتَ budidta	بُدَّ budda		بُدِدْتُمَا budidtumā	بُدَّا buddā		بُدِدْنَا budidnā	بُدِدْتُمْ budidtum	بُدُّوا buddū
	f		بُدِدْتِ budidti	بُدَّتْ buddat			بُدَّتَا buddatā			بُدِدْتُنَّ budidtunna	بُدِدْنَ budidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُبَدُّ ʔubaddu	تُبَدُّ tubaddu	يُبَدُّ yubaddu		تُبَدَّانِ tubaddāni	يُبَدَّانِ yubaddāni		نُبَدُّ nubaddu	تُبَدُّونَ tubaddūna	يُبَدُّونَ yubaddūna
	f		تُبَدِّينَ tubaddīna	تُبَدُّ tubaddu			تُبَدَّانِ tubaddāni			تُبْدَدْنَ tubdadna	يُبْدَدْنَ yubdadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُبَدَّ ʔubadda	تُبَدَّ tubadda	يُبَدَّ yubadda		تُبَدَّا tubaddā	يُبَدَّا yubaddā		نُبَدَّ nubadda	تُبَدُّوا tubaddū	يُبَدُّوا yubaddū
	f		تُبَدِّي tubaddī	تُبَدَّ tubadda			تُبَدَّا tubaddā			تُبْدَدْنَ tubdadna	يُبْدَدْنَ yubdadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُبَدَّ, أُبَدِّ, أُبْدَدْ ʔubadda, ʔubaddi, ʔubdad	تُبَدَّ, تُبَدِّ, تُبْدَدْ tubadda, tubaddi, tubdad	يُبَدَّ, يُبَدِّ, يُبْدَدْ yubadda, yubaddi, yubdad		تُبَدَّا tubaddā	يُبَدَّا yubaddā		نُبَدَّ, نُبَدِّ, نُبْدَدْ nubadda, nubaddi, nubdad	تُبَدُّوا tubaddū	يُبَدُّوا yubaddū
	f		تُبَدِّي tubaddī	تُبَدَّ, تُبَدِّ, تُبْدَدْ tubadda, tubaddi, tubdad			تُبَدَّا tubaddā			تُبْدَدْنَ tubdadna	يُبْدَدْنَ yubdadna

Khalaj

Adjective

بَد (bəd)

1. Arabic spelling of bəd (“evil”)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi, literally “in the desire of”), also بِوَدِّ (biwaddi).

Verb

بد • (badd-, bidd-)

1. to want

   بدي شوفك كل يوم يا حبيبي

   baddi šūfak kill yōm yā ḥabībi

   I want to see you every day, my dear.

2. should; to need to; have to

   شو بدنا نقلو ― šu baddna nʔillo? ― What should we we tell him?

3. going to

   Synonym: رح (raḥ)

   انتبه بدها توقع ― ntibih badda tūʔaʕ ― Watch out, it's going to fall

Usage notes

• This is a pseudoverb: it conjugates for its subject by using an enclitic pronoun and does not take attached object pronouns. Objects are instead typically attached to the carrier يا (yā-, yyā-), although some dialects permit the third-person subject pronouns to be used in this position instead:
  • ما بدهن ياني بدهن ياها ― ma baddon yāni baddon yāha ― They don't want me, they want her
  • ما بدهن ياني بدهن هي (regional) ― ma baddon yāni baddon hiyye ― They don't want me, they want her
• The past is formed by adding كان (kān), which originally would be left unchanged, but is now equally commonly conjugated. Thus: كان بدي شوفك (kān baddi šūfak) or كنت بدي شوفك (kint baddi šūfak), both “I wanted to see you.”
• In the sense “going to”, suggests more intent than the similar term رح (raḥ, “going to”).
• The "we" conjugation, most commonly بدنا (baddna, biddna), has the alternative forms بَنّا (banna) and مَنّا (manna).

Descendants

• → Western Neo-Aramaic: [script needed] (batt-, “to need; will”)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian بد (bad).

Adjective

بد • (bed)

1. bad

Descendants

• Turkish: bet
• → Armenian: պէթ (pētʻ)
• → Laz: ბეთი (beti), ბეტი (beťi) — Jigetore

Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bəd/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

بد • (bəd)

1. bad

Declension

declension of بد

	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
direct	بد (bəd)	بد (bəd)		بده (bəda)	بدې (bəde)
oblique	بد (bəd)	بدو (bədo)		بدې (bəde)	بدو (bədo)
vocative	بده (bəda)	بدو (bədo)		بدې (bəde)	بدو (bədo)

Adverb

بد • (bad)

1. badly

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLYA) / [script needed] (wt' /⁠wad⁠/, “bad, evil”), from Proto-Iranian *watah, with further origin uncertain. Akin to Old Armenian վատ (vat), an Iranian borrowing. Unrelated to English bad, despite phonetic and semantic similarity.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈbad/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	bad
Dari reading?	bad
Iranian reading?	bad
Tajik reading?	bad

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Adjective

Dari	بد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бад

بَد • (bad) (comparative بَدتَر, superlative بَدتَرین)

1. bad; not good
2. evil

Antonyms

• خوب (xub)

Adverb

بَد • (bad)

1. poorly, badly

Derived terms

• بدحجاب (bad-hejâb, “badly-veiled”)
• بدخواه (bad-xâh, “evil, malicious”)
• بدخیم (bad-xim, “malignant”)
• بدرنگ (bad-rang, “of a bad, unpleasant or ugly color”)
• بدروزگار (bad-ruzgâr, “wicked, evil”)
• بدمعاش (bad-ma'âš, “of a bad life, trade, profession”)
• بدنام (bad-nâm, “infamous”)
• بدنعل (bad-na'l, “hard to shoe”)
• بدنهور (bad-nohur, “evil-eyed”)
• بدی (badi, “badness”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: bəd, bəd-
• → Bengali: বদ (bod)
• → Hindi: बद (bad)
• → Khalaj: bəd
• → Ottoman Turkish: بد (bed)
  • Turkish: bet
  • → Armenian: պէթ (pētʻ)
  • → Laz: ბეთი (beti), ბეტი (beťi) — Jigetore
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਬਦ (bad)

  Shahmukhi script: بد (bad)

• → Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠖ (bad)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wad”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 85
• Nourai, Ali (2011), An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 46

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭥𐭭 (pʿn) / PWN (pad, “to, at, in, on”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈbad/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bed̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	bad
Dari reading?	bad
Iranian reading?	bed
Tajik reading?	bad

• (Mashhad) IPA^(key): /bez/

Preposition

بد • (bed or bad) (archaic)

1. alternative form of به (be, “to; in; for”)

Usage notes

Only used in compounds.

Alternative forms

• بذ (bez, baz) (archaic or dialectal, Mashhad)

Derived terms

• بدان (bed-ân)
• بدو (bed-u)
• بدیشان (bed-išân)
• بدین (bed-in)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bidd/, [bɪd]

Preposition

بدّ • (bidd-)

1. (false verb) to want

   Synonym: حبّ (ḥabb)

   بدّك قهوة؟ ― biddak ʔahwe? ― Do you want some coffee?

   بدي أشوفك كل يوم يا حبيبي.

   biddi ʔašūfak kull yōm ya ḥabībi.

   I want to see you every day, my dear.

2. (false verb, by extension) to need

   Synonym: احتاج (iḥtāj)

   ابني مريض كتير وبدّه دوا ضروري.

   ibni marīḍ ktīr w biddo dawa ḍurūri.

   My son is very sick and needs medicine.

   (literally, “My son is very sick and wants medicine necessarily.”)

3. (auxiliary) will, going to

   Synonym: رح (raḥ)

   بدي أمرق لعنده بكرة.

   biddi ʔamroʔ la-ʕindo bukra.

   I'm going to go to his house tomorrow.

Usage notes

• Similar to terms like عند (ʕind, “to have”), the term بدّ (bidd) is "conjugated" with enclitic pronouns. Unlike عند (ʕind), however, بدّ (bidd) has no inherent meaning and can never be used entirely by itself.

Inflection

Inflection of بد

base form			بدّ (bidd)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	بدّي (biddi)		بدنا (bidna)
2nd person	بدّك (biddak)	بدّك (biddek)	بدكم (bidkom)
3rd person	بدّه (biddo)	بدها (bidha)	بدهم (bidhom)

Tashelhit

Verb

بد (bdd)

1. Arabic spelling of bdd

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian بد (bad). Unrelated to English bad.

Adjective

بد • (bad) (comparative بدتر, superlative بدترین, Hindi spelling बद)

1. bad
2. evil
3. wicked
4. inauspicious

Synonyms

• برا (burā)

Derived terms

• نظرِ بد (nazr-e bad, “evil eye, bad eye”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्ध (vṛndha).

Noun

بد • (bad) m (Hindi spelling बद)

1. bubo