射

Translingual

Han character

射 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹木戈 (HHDI), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰身寸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7434
• Dae Jaweon: page 582, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 506, character 10
• Unihan data for U+5C04

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Chinese

trad.		射
simp. #		射

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 射
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (射) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
謝	*ljaːɡs
榭	*ljaːɡs
射	*ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ
麝	*ɢljaːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 弓 (“bow”) + 寸 (“hand, wrist”). 弓 was assimilated to 身 in the clerical script period.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shè (she⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): se⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sa
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siā

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sia⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shè
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shè
    • Wade–Giles: shê⁴
    • Yale: shè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: se⁶
    • Yale: seh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: se⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sé⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa
    • Hakka Romanization System: sa
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sa⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sa⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā
    • Tâi-lô: siā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sia
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sia²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sia⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sia³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sia⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sia¹¹/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 射
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʂɤ⁵³/ /sɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂə²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʃə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʂɤ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʐɛ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sɤ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/se¹³/
	Guiyang	/sɛ²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʂə²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʂəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʂe⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sɤ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sɤ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zoʔ¹/ /zo²³/
	Suzhou	/zo³¹/ /zoʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zei²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie²²/ /ɕia²²/
	Tunxi	/ɕia¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂə⁵⁵/ /ʂa⁵⁵/ ～石头
	Xiangtan	/ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɑ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/sa⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/ʃɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɛ²²/
	Nanning	/sɛ²²/
	Hong Kong	/sɛ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sia²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sia²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ia⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sia³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tia²³/

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• Middle Chinese: zyaeH

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	2/4
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	神夜切
Baxter	zyaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑiaH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑiaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiaH/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiaH/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯aH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	se6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lAk-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢljaːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	射
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ zyæH ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.lAk-s/
English	shoot; archer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	1/4
No.	11223
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	射
Old Chinese	/*ɢljaːɡs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 射

1. to shoot, to launch, to eject
2. to guess
3. to allude to
4. to emit
5. (colloquial) to ejaculate
6. ^† archery

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shí, shè (shi², she⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ, ㄕㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik⁶ / se⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): se̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shí
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
    • Wade–Giles: shih²
    • Yale: shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shè
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shè
    • Wade–Giles: shê⁴
    • Yale: shè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sik⁶ / se⁶
    • Yale: sihk / seh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁹ / se⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xig⁶ / sé⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚²/, /sɛː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
    • Tâi-lô: si̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: zyek

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	4/4
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食亦切
Baxter	zyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lAk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢljaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	射
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ zyek ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.lAk/
English	hit with bow and arrow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	3/4
No.	11226
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	麝
Old Chinese	/*ɢljaːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 射

1. ^† to hit with bow and arrow

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yè (ye⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ià

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yè
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yè
    • Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
    • Yale: yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
    • Palladius: е (je)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: je⁶
    • Yale: yeh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ià
    • Tâi-lô: ià
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ia²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ia¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: yaeH

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊謝切
Baxter	yaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiaH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiaH/
Shao Rongfen	/iaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaH/
Li Rong	/iaH/
Wang Li	/jĭaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	2/4
No.	11225
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	夜
Old Chinese	/*laːɡs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 射

1. Only used in 射干 (yègān) and 僕射／仆射 (púyè).

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yì, shè (yi⁴, she⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ, ㄕㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): e̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shè
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shè
    • Wade–Giles: shê⁴
    • Yale: shè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jik⁶
    • Yale: yihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
    • Tâi-lô: i̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: yek

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Baxter	yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	4/4
No.	11228
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 射

1. Only used in 無射／无射.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

射

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. shoot
2. archery

Readings

• Go-on: じゃ (ja)^{←じや (zya, historical)}; や (ya); やく (yaku)
• Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)^{←しや (sya, historical)}; や (ya); えき (eki)
• On: せき (seki)
• Kun: いる (iru, 射る, Jōyō); あてる (ateru, 射てる); さす (sasu, 射す); いとう (itō)^{←いたふ (itafu, historical)}; あきる (akiru)
• Nanori: い (i); いり (iri)

Compounds

Compounds

• 射(しゃ)撃(げき) (shageki, “marksmanship”)
• 射光
• 射(しゃ)幸(こう)心(しん) (shakōshin, “passion for gambling”)
• 射(しゃ)程(てい) (shatei, “range of a firearm”)

• 射(しゃ)的(てき) (shateki, “target practice”)
• 射覆
• 射(しゃ)利(り) (shari, “love of money”)
• 射手座(いてざ) (iteza, “Sagittarius (astrology)”)

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Korean

Hanja

射 • (sa, seok) (hangeul 사, 석, revised sa, seok, McCune–Reischauer sa, sŏk)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 射 (xạ, dạ, dịch)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.