模

Translingual

Han character

模 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿日大 (DTAK), four-corner 4493₄, composition ⿰木莫)

Derived characters

• 𡃗, 𤂨, 𥀳

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 551, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15453
• Dae Jaweon: page 939, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1261, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6A21

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Chinese

trad.		模
simp. #		模

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 模
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	*maː, *maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	*maː, *maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	*maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mó (mo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bô͘ / mô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶mu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mou⁴
    • Yale: mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mù
    • Hakka Romanization System: muˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mu²
    • Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
    • Tâi-lô: bôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boo
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
    • Tâi-lô: môo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶mu
    • MiniDict: mu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mu²³/

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• Middle Chinese: mu

Rime
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Baxter	mu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤa/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó
Middle Chinese	‹ mu ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁa/
English	model
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
No.	9241
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 模

1. model; standard; example
2. to copy; to imitate
3. Short for 模特 (mótè, “model; fashion model”).
4. Short for 模範／模范 (mófàn, “model person; role model”).
5. (mathematics) mod
6. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mú, mó

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˊ, ㄇㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵ / bhou⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mú
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mú
    • Wade–Giles: mu²
    • Yale: mú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mu
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mó
    • Wade–Giles: mo²
    • Yale: mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
    • Palladius: мо (mo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mou⁴
    • Yale: mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
    • Tâi-lô: bôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mo⁵ / bhou⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô / bôu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/, /bou⁵⁵/

Note:

• mo5 - literary;
• bhou5 - vernacular.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 模

1. appearance
2. mold; matrix; shape; pattern

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Japanese

Kanji

模

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: も (mo, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
• Kun: かたぎ (katagi, 模)
• Nanori: のり (nori)

Compounds

• 相模(さがみ) (Sagami)
• 酸模(スカンボ) (sukanbo)
• 酸模(スジ) (suji)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
模
も Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Affix

模(も) • (mo) 

1. model; pattern
2. appearance

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 模(も)擬(ぎ) (mogi)
• 模(も)型(けい) (mokei)
• 模(も)刻(こく) (mokoku)
• 模(も)写(しゃ) (mosha)
• 模(も)像(ぞう) (mozō)
• 模(も)造(ぞう) (mozō)
• 模(も)範(はん) (mohan)
• 模(も)倣(ほう) (mohō)
• 模(も)様(よう) (moyō)
• 佳(か)模(も), 嘉(か)模(も) (kamo)
• 範(はん)模(も) (hanmo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
模
ぼ Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC mu).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Affix

模(ぼ) • (bo) 

1. (uncommon) Same as も (mo) above

Derived terms

• 模(ぼ)倣(ほう) (bohō)
• 楷(かい)模(ぼ) (kaibo)
• 規(き)模(ぼ) (kibo)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
模
かたぎ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 模 – see the following entry.

【かたぎ】 [noun] carving wooden block used to dye patterns on cloth, paper, etc. [noun] printing wooden block [noun] model; pattern Alternative spelling 形木

(This term, 模, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

模 (eumhun 법 모 (beop mo))
模 (eumhun 본뜰 모 (bontteul mo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 모양 (模樣, moyang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 模 (mô, mo, mọ, mu, mua, mạc, mù)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.