般

Translingual

Han character

般 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜竹弓水 (HYHNE), four-corner 2744₇, composition ⿰舟殳)

1. sort, manner, kind, category

Derived characters

• 槃, 盤, 磐, 螌, 媻, 𪒀, 瘢, 𥈼, 鞶, 幋, 䰉, 搫

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1009, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30388
• Dae Jaweon: page 1467, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3057, character 8
• Unihan data for U+822C

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Chinese

trad.		般
simp. #		般

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 般
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (般) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
螌	*praːn
般	*praːn, *paːn, *baːn
媻	*baːl, *baːn
搫	*baːl, *baːn
搬	*paːn
盤	*baːn
磐	*baːn
瘢	*baːn
幋	*baːn
槃	*baːn
縏	*baːn
鎜	*baːn
鞶	*baːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舟 (“boat”) + 殳 (“rotate”).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bān (ban¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bun¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): băng / buăng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): poaⁿ / pan / poan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): buan¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bān
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ban
    • Wade–Giles: pan¹
    • Yale: bān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ban
    • Palladius: бань (banʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bun¹
    • Yale: būn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bun¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /puːn⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: băng / buăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ⁵⁵/, /puaŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: poaⁿ / pan / poan
    • Tâi-lô: puann / pan / puan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvoaf, pafn, poafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /puã⁴⁴/, /pan⁴⁴/, /puan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /puã³³/, /pan³³/, /puan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /puã⁴⁴/, /pan⁴⁴/, /puan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /puã⁴⁴/, /pan⁴⁴/, /puan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /puã⁴⁴/, /pan⁴⁴/, /puan⁴⁴/

Note:

• poaⁿ - vernacular;
• pan, poan - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: buan¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: puaⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pũã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹pe
    • MiniDict: pe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pe⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: pan, paen

Rime
Character	般	般
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	北潘切	布還切
Baxter	pan	paen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/puɑn/	/pˠan/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷɑn/	/pᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/puɑn/	/pɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwan/	/paɨn/
Li Rong	/puɑn/	/pan/
Wang Li	/puɑn/	/pan/
Bernard Karlgren	/puɑn/	/pan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bān	bān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bun1	baan1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*praːn/, /*paːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	般	般
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	227	231
Phonetic component	般	般
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	班	𤳖
Old Chinese	/*praːn/	/*paːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 般

1. sort; kind; class
2. like; similar to

   兄弟般的感情  ―  xiōngdì bān de gǎnqíng  ―  brotherly affection

3. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 搬 (bān, “to move”).
4. a surname

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pán (pan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pán
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pán
    • Wade–Giles: pʻan²
    • Yale: pán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parn
    • Palladius: пань (panʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pun⁴
    • Yale: pùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ban

Rime
Character	般
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄官切
Baxter	ban
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/buɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwan/
Li Rong	/buɑn/
Wang Li	/buɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pun4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*baːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	般
Reading #	3/3
No.	241
Phonetic component	般
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	槃
Old Chinese	/*baːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 般

1. ^† to rotate
2. ^† to go back and forth; to linger
3. ^† joyful; amused
4. ^† large

Etymology 3

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 般

1. Only used in 般若 (bōrě).
2. Only used in 般涅槃 (bōnièpán).

References

• “般”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

般

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC pan) and 般 (MC paen, “sort, kind, class”):

• Go-on: へん (hen)
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC ban, “rotate, go back and forth”):

• Go-on: ばん (ban)
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)

Other readings:

• Kan’yō-on: はつ (hatsu)
• Nanori: かず (kazu); つら (tsura)

Compounds

Compounds

• 般(はん)舟(じゅ)三(ざん)昧(まい) (hanju-zanmai)
• 般(はん)若(にゃ) (hannya)
• 般(はつ)涅(ね)槃(はん) (hatsunehan)
• 般(ばん)礴(はく) (banhaku)
• 悦(えっ)般(ぱん) (Eppan)
• 魯(ろ)般(はん) (Rohan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
般
はん Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 般 (MC ban|pan|paen).

Affix

般(はん) • (han) 

1. sort, kind, class
2. instance, time
3. Used in transliterations

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 般(はん)化(か) (hanka)
• 般(はん)楽(らく) (hanraku)
• 一(いっ)般(ぱん) (ippan)
• 過(か)般(はん) (kahan)
• 概(がい)般(はん) (gaihan)
• 各(かく)般(はん) (kakuhan)
• 広(こう)般(はん) (kōhan)
• 此(この)般(はん), 這(この)般(はん) (konohan)
• 今(こん)般(ぱん) (konpan)
• 這(しゃ)般(はん) (shahan)
• 十(じゅう)八(はっ)般(ぱん) (jūhappan)
• 諸(しょ)般(はん) (shohan)
• 千(せん)般(ぱん) (senpan)
• 先(せん)般(ぱん) (senpan)
• 全(ぜん)般(ぱん) (zenpan)
• 多(た)般(はん) (tahan)
• 万(ばん)般(ぱん) (banpan)
• 百(ひゃっ)般(ぱん) (hyappan)
• 普(ふ)般(はん)的(てき) (fuhanteki)
• 両(りょう)般(はん) (ryōhan)

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Korean

Hanja

般 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 般 (ban, bàn, bơn, bát)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.