補

See also: 补

Translingual

Han character

補 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中戈十月 (LIJB), four-corner 3322₇, composition ⿰衤甫)

Derived characters

• 𡀨, 𠬕, 𠬖, 𨗗, 𮑱

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1117, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34320
• Dae Jaweon: page 1583, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3093, character 5
• Unihan data for U+88DC

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Chinese

trad.		補
simp.		补

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
豧	*pʰoːs, *pʰa, *pʰas
縛	*baːɡs, *baɡ
逋	*paː
餔	*paː, *baːs
晡	*paː
庯	*paː
陠	*paː, *pʰaː
鵏	*paː, *baːs
峬	*paː
誧	*paː, *pʰaː, *pʰaːʔ, *pʰaːs
秿	*paː, *pʰa, *baʔ
鯆	*paː, *pʰaː, *paʔ
補	*paːʔ
圃	*paːʔ, *paːs
鋪	*pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa
痡	*pʰaː, *pʰa
浦	*pʰaːʔ
烳	*pʰaːʔ
溥	*pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ
悑	*pʰaːs
酺	*baː
匍	*baː
蜅	*baː, *paʔ
脯	*baː, *paʔ
葡	*baː
蒱	*baː
蒲	*baː
簿	*baːʔ, *baːɡ
捕	*baːs
哺	*baːs
簠	*pa, *paʔ, *pʰas
甫	*paʔ
黼	*paʔ
莆	*paʔ
俌	*paʔ, *pʰaʔ
郙	*paʔ, *pʰa
傅	*paɡs
搏	*paɡs, *paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ
麱	*pʰa
尃	*pʰa
榑	*ba
輔	*baʔ
鬴	*baʔ
賻	*baɡs
博	*paːɡ
髆	*paːɡ
鎛	*paːɡ
猼	*paːɡ
餺	*paːɡ
簙	*paːɡ
鑮	*paːɡ, *baːɡ
欂	*paːɡ, *baɡ, *breːɡ
蒪	*pʰaːɡ
膊	*pʰaːɡ
薄	*baːɡ
礡	*baːɡ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-p(ʷ)a (“to patch; to mend; to sew”) (STEDT); compare Burmese ဖာ (hpa, “to patch; to mend”), Jingpho pa (pa³¹, “mended”).

According to Schuessler (2007), 補 (OC *paːʔ) is an area word; compare Khmer ប៉ះ (pah, “to mend; to patch; to fix”), Proto-Vietic *k-paːʔ (“to repair; to sew”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǔ (bu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pú

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bu³

• Eastern Min (BUC): buō
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bou²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǔ
    • Wade–Giles: pu³
    • Yale: bǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buu
    • Palladius: бу (bu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bou²
    • Yale: bóu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pú
    • Hakka Romanization System: bu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bu³
    • Sinological IPA: /pu³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bu³
    • Sinological IPA: /pu³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: buō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /puo³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó͘
    • Tâi-lô: póo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: por
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bou²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: póu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: puX

Rime
Character	補
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	博古切
Baxter	puX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/puoX/
Pan Wuyun	/puoX/
Shao Rongfen	/poX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pɔX/
Li Rong	/poX/
Wang Li	/puX/
Bernard Karlgren	/puoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[Cə]-pˤaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*paːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	補
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ puX ›
Old Chinese	/*[Cə]-pˁaʔ/
English	to patch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	補
Reading #	1/1
No.	3420
Phonetic component	甫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	補
Old Chinese	/*paːʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 補

1. to mend; to repair; to fix

   補衫／补衫 [Cantonese]  ―  bou² saam¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to mend clothes

2. to compensate; to recompense; to make up for
3. to add; to augment; to increase; to raise
4. to make up for a deficiency; to nourish

   補鈣／补钙  ―  bǔgài  ―  to counteract a calcium deficiency

5. benefit; profit; advantage
6. Bu

Synonyms

• (to mend): (colloquial) 擺弄／摆弄 (bǎinòng), (colloquial) 拾掇 (shíduo), 修 (xiū), 修理 (xiūlǐ)
• (to compensate): 補償／补偿 (bǔcháng), 補足／补足 (bǔzú), 抵償／抵偿 (dǐcháng), 賠償／赔偿 (péicháng)
• (to add):

(deprecated template usage)

• 加 (jiā)
• 加上 (jiāshàng)
• 加多 (jiāduō)
• 加大 (jiādà)
• 加添 (jiātiān)
• 增 (zēng)
• 增加 (zēngjiā)
• 增多 (zēngduō)
• 增添 (zēngtiān)
• 增益 (zēngyì)
• 增長／增长 (zēngzhǎng)
• 廣益／广益 (guǎngyì) (literary)
• 施
• 添加 (tiānjiā)
• 附益 (fùyì) (literary)

 

• (to make up for a deficiency): 補養／补养 (bǔyǎng)
• (benefit):

(deprecated template usage)

• 利益 (lìyì)
• 好處／好处
• 實利／实利 (shílì)
• 惠 (huì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 收益 (shōuyì)
• 甜頭／甜头 (Jin)
• 益處／益处 (yìchù)
• 肥 (féi) (usually derogatory)
• 補益／补益 (bǔyì)
• 裨益 (bìyì)

 

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

補

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. supplement

Readings

• Go-on: ふ (fu)
• Kan-on: ほ (ho, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ぶ (bu)
• Kun: おぎなう (oginau, 補う, Jōyō)

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Korean

Hanja

補 (eum 보 (bo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

補: Hán Nôm readings: bổ, bó, bỏ, bõ, bủa, bù, vỏ, bồ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.