香

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Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 186 香

香 (Kangxi radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱禾日)

  1. Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1428, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9999

Chinese

trad. 香
simp. # 香

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 香
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
香 *qʰaŋ
萫 *qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”).

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”).

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾, and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰 or 日.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
  • hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in mainstream Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: hiên1 / hion1 / hiang1 / pang1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hieⁿ / hioⁿ / hiang / phang
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hĩẽ³³/, /hĩõ³³/, /hiaŋ³³/, /pʰaŋ³³/
Note:
  • hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
  • hiang1 - literary;
  • pang1 - semantic (original character is 芳).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 香
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕiaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiaŋ²¹/
Xining /ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕiã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ɕiaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ɕiɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɕiã⁵³/
Suzhou /ɕiã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕiɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /ɕi³³/
Hui Shexian /ɕia³¹/
Tunxi /ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕian³³/
Xiangtan /sian³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /hioŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /hioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hœŋ⁵³/
Nanning /hœŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hœŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/hiũ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hyoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hiaŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hiaŋ²³/
/hio²³/
Rime
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 許良切
Baxter xjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/xiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/xĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaŋ/
English fragrance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 香
Reading # 1/1
No. 13591
Phonetic
component 		香
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		香
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰaŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 香

  1. fragrant; fragrance
    Template:zh-ant
  2. (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
  3. (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
  4. popular
  5. perfume
  6. (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
  7. (figurative) woman
  8. to kiss
  9. (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 香, 芳, 馨, 馥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 香
Mandarin Beijing 香
Taiwan 香
Harbin 香
Yantai (Muping) 香
Jinan 香
Luoyang 香
Wanrong 香
Xi'an 香
Yinchuan 香
Xining 香
Ürümqi 香
Wuhan 香
Chengdu 香
Guiyang 香
Guilin 香
Liuzhou 香
Xuzhou 香
Yangzhou 香
Nanjing 香
Hefei 香
Malaysia 香
Singapore 香
Cantonese Guangzhou 香
Hong Kong 香
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 香
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 香
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 香
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 香
Macau 香
Guangzhou (Panyu) 香
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 香
Guangzhou (Conghua) 香
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 香
Foshan 香
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 香
Foshan (Shunde) 香
Foshan (Sanshui) 香
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 香
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 香
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 香
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 香
Zhuhai (Doumen) 香
Jiangmen (Baisha) 香
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 香
Taishan 香
Kaiping (Chikan) 香
Enping (Niujiang) 香
Heshan (Yayao) 香
Dongguan 香
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 香
Qingyuan 香
Fogang 香
Yingde (Hanguang) 香
Yangshan 香
Lianshan (Butian) 香
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 香
Shaoguan 香
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 香
Renhua 香
Lechang 香
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 香
Sihui 香
Guangning 香
Deqing 香
Huaiji 香
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 香
Yunfu 香
Xinxing 香
Luoding 香
Yunan (Pingtai) 香
Yangjiang 香
Xinyi 香
Lianjiang 香
Nanning 香
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 香
Singapore (Guangfu) 香
Gan Nanchang 香
Lichuan 香
Pingxiang 香
Hakka Meixian 香
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 香
Dongguan (Qingxi) 香
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 香
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 香
Wuhua (Huacheng) 香
Conghua (Lütian) 香
Yudu 香
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 香
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 香
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 香
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 香
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 香
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 香
Hong Kong 香
Senai (Huiyang) 香
Huizhou Jixi 香
Jin Taiyuan 香
Xinzhou 香
Northern Min Jian'ou 香
Songxi 香
Jianyang 香
Eastern Min Fuzhou 香
Gutian 香
Fu'an 香
Zhouning 香
Fuding 香
Singapore (Fuqing) 香
Southern Min Xiamen 芳
Xiamen (Tong'an) 芳
Quanzhou 芳
Jinjiang 芳
Anxi 芳
Yongchun 芳
Zhangzhou 芳
Zhao'an 芳
Dongshan 芳
Taipei (Wanhua) 芳
New Taipei (Tamsui) 芳
New Taipei (Pingxi) 芳
Kaohsiung 芳
Yilan 芳
Changhua (Lukang) 芳
Taichung 芳
Taichung (Wuqi) 芳
Tainan 芳
Taitung 芳
Hsinchu 芳
Penghu (Magong) 芳
Penang (Hokkien) 芳
Singapore (Hokkien) 芳
Manila (Hokkien) 芳
Longyan 芳
Zhangping (Yongfu) 芳
Datian 芳
Pingnan (Shangdu) 香
Chaozhou 芳
Shantou 芳
Shantou (Chenghai) 芳
Shantou (Chaoyang) 芳
Jieyang 芳
Haifeng 芳
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 芳
Singapore (Teochew) 芳
Leizhou 芳
Wenchang 芳
Haikou 芳
Qionghai 芳
Puxian Min Putian 芳
Putian (Donghai) 芳
Putian (Jiangkou) 芳
Putian (Nanri) 芳
Xianyou 芳
Xianyou (Fengting) 芳
Xianyou (Youyang) 芳
Central Min Yong'an 香
Shaxian 香
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 香
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 香
Wu Shanghai 香
Shanghai (Chongming) 香
Suzhou 香
Danyang 香
Hangzhou 香
Wenzhou 香
Jinhua 香
Xiang Changsha 香
Loudi 香
Shuangfeng 香

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

香

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
香
か
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

香(か) • (ka) 

  1. a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma

See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
香
きょう
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang).

Pronunciation

Noun

香(きょう) • (kyō) ←きやう (kyau)?

  1. Clipping of 香車.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
香
こう
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 香 (xjang). Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

 香 on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Noun

香(こう) • (kō) ←かう (kau)?

  1. incense
    Synonym: 御香 (okō)

Korean

Hanja

香 (eum 향 (hyang))

  1. Hanja form? of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”).

Compounds

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
香: Nôm readings: nhang[2][3][6][4][5][7], hương[1][2][4][7], hang[1], nhàng[1]

  1. Template:han tu form of
  2. Template:Nom form of

Compounds

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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