州

See also: 川 and 洲

州 U+5DDE, 州 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DDE ← 川 [U+5DDD] CJK Unified Ideographs 巟 → [U+5DDF]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

州 (Kangxi radical 47, 巛+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈中戈中 (ILIL), four-corner 3200₀, composition ⿻⿲丿丶丶川(GJKV) or ⿻⿲丶丶丶川(HT))

Derived characters

• 㖄 洲 栦 絒 𧋀 詶 酬 銂 駲 喌

Alternative forms

• 𠂗 刕

Descendants

• ツ

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 324, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8678
• Dae Jaweon: page 624, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 46, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5DDE

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Chinese

trad.		州
simp. #		州
alternative forms		𠄓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 州
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (州) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
洲	*tju
州	*tju
喌	*tju, *tjuɡ
酬	*dju
詶	*dju, *djus

Pictogram (象形) – islet in a river.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōu (zhou¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zau¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziu¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): ziu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zu¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): zou¹
• Northern Min (KCR): ciú
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tseu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhou¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
    • Wade–Giles: chou¹
    • Yale: jōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
    • Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zau¹
    • Yale: jāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ziu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ziu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɨu⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
    • Hakka Romanization System: zu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zou¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səu¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
    • Tâi-lô: tsiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tseu
    • MiniDict: tseu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tseu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu̯³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡səu̯³³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyuw

Rime
Character	州
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職流切
Baxter	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	州
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*tu/
English	islet in stream; province
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	州
Reading #	1/1
No.	17493
Phonetic component	州
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	周
Old Chinese	/*tju/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 州

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 洲 (zhōu, “islet in a river”).
2. (historical, now still used in place names) zhou (a type of historical political divisions of China, usually translated as prefecture or province)

   揚州／扬州  ―  Yángzhōu  ―  (historical) Yang Province; (modern) Yangzhou

3. Short for 自治州 (zìzhìzhōu).
4. state; canton; oblast (of some countries)

Synonyms

• (state): (Dungan) область

See also

• 省份 (shěngfèn), 省 (shěng, “province”)
• 縣／县 (xiàn, “county”)

Descendants

• → Lü: ᦵᦋᦲᧁᧈ (tsoew¹)
• → Manchu: ᠵᡝᠣ (jeo)
• → Mongolian: ᠵᠧᠦ (ǰēü), жүү (žüü)
• → Khotanese: -cū
  • → Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰆𐰉 (čub¹)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

州

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: す (su)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)^{←しう (siu, historical)}
• Kun: す (su, 州, Jōyō)、しま (shima, 州)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
州
しゅう Grade: 3
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 州 (MC tsyuw).

Noun

州(しゅう) • (shū) ^{←しう (siu)?}

1. first-level administrative division of some countries, such as: (1) state of the United States, Australia, India, Nigeria and Germany; (2) province of Canada; (3) canton of Switzerland; etc.
2. used in place names, usually associated with (historical) political divisions

Compounds

• 自(じ)治(ち)州(しゅう) (jichishū)
• 道(どう)州(しゅう)制(せい) (dōshūsei)
• 九(きゅう)州(しゅう) (Kyūshū)

• 本(ほん)州(しゅう) (Honshū)
• 豪(ごう)州(しゅう) (Gōshū)
• 備(び)州(しゅう) (Bishū)

• 長(ちょう)州(しゅう) (chōshū)
• 奥(おう)州(しゅう) (ōshū)
• 座(ざ)州(す) (zasu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
州
しゅう Grade: 3
kan'on

Alternative spelling
洲 (dated)

州 is a daiyōji replacing 洲.

Suffix

州(しゅう) • (-shū) ^{←しう (-siu)?}

1. continent
2. used in place names

Compounds

• 欧(おう)州(しゅう) (Ōshū, “Europe”)
• 満(まん)州(しゅう) (Manshū, “Manchuria”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
州
す Grade: 3
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 州 – see the following entry.

【す】 [noun] 州, 洲: sandbank, sandbar Alternative spelling 洲

(This term, 州, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

州 (eumhun 고을 주 (go'eul ju))

1. hanja form^? of 주 (“state; province”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

州: Hán Nôm readings: châu, chu

1. state, province