dum

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See also: dúm, dùm, düm, dům, đùm, -dum, and d'um

Translingual

Symbol

dum

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Middle Dutch.

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Hindi दम (dam).

Adjective

dum (not comparable)

  1. (India, cooking) cooked with steam

Etymology 2

Interjection

dum

  1. Syllable used when humming a tune.
    • 2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor
      I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.

Etymology 3

Adjective

dum

  1. (nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb.

Anagrams

Balinese

Etymology

From Old Javanese dum.

Verb

dum

  1. to divide

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.

Pronunciation

Adjective

dum

  1. stupid, dense, dumb, thick, dim
  2. foolish, silly, daft

Inflection

Inflection of dum
Positive Comparative Superlative
Indefinte common singular dum dummere dummest2
Indefinite neuter singular dumt dummere dummest2
Plural dumme dummere dummest2
Definite attributive1 dumme dummere dummeste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin dum.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [dum]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: dum

Preposition

dum

  1. for
    Mi estos en Usono dum du jaroj. ― I will be in the USA for two years.
  2. during
  3. while
  4. whereas

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.

Pronunciation

Preposition

dum

  1. during, in (a period of time)
    Il esis absenta dum tri yari. ― He was absent for three years.

Derived terms

  • dume (“meanwhile, meantime”)

Javanese

Etymology

From Old Javanese dum.

Verb

dum

  1. to divide

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dom, from Proto-Indo-European *dom. Compare dōnec from same source.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

dum

  1. (indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until
    Synonyms: interea, interim, quamdiū
    • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics III.284–285:
      fugit inreparabile tempus
      singula dum capti circumvectamur amore
      Irretrievable time flies away while, in thrall to love, we are carried about from one thing to another.
    • 16 BCE, Ovid, The Loves 1.11.15:
      Dum loquor, hōra fugit.
      While I speak, the hour flees away.
    Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulce canō. ― While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.
    dum erunt homines ― as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)
  2. (indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during
    Synonym: quamdiū
  3. (indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for
  4. (indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that
    Synonym: dummodo
    Oderint, dum metuant. ― Let them hate, so long as they fear.

Usage notes

Dum offers speakers of Latin the capacity to express duration with coincidence, expectancy, or contingency. Classical authors most often used dum in order to express coincidental duration, and so it was most often accompanied by verbs in the indicative mood; the adverb dummodo was generally used to express aspects of contingency.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres

References

  • “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • dum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    • as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
    • as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
  • dum in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Maia

Adjective

dum

  1. wet

Middle English

Adjective

dum

  1. Alternative form of dumb

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare English dumb, Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, Dutch dom, German dumm.

Adjective

dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)

  1. foolish
  2. stupid, silly

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.

Adjective

dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)

  1. foolish
  2. stupid, silly

References

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

dum m

  1. down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags

Descendants

Old Irish

Noun

dum

  1. Alternative form of daum

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
dum dum
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ 		ndum
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Javanese

Noun

dum

  1. part

Polish

Pronunciation

Template:pl-p

Noun

dum f

  1. genitive plural of duma

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier d'um, from de (“of”) + um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article).

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Portugal" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): [ðũ]
  • Rhymes: -ũ

Contraction

dum m (feminine duma, masculine plural duns, feminine plural dumas)

  1. Contraction of de um (“pertaining or relating to a”): of a; from a (masculine singular)

Usage notes

The contraction of de + um / uma is never obligatory and sometimes associated with spoken language. In a few cases it is not possible:

  1. When de is part of a preposition, as in em vez de:[1]
    Em vez de um escalão ter três anos, ...
  2. When um is a numeral:
    Trata-se de um ou dois dias.

References

  1. ^ http://portuguese.stackexchange.com/questions/1573/quando-combinar-a-preposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-com-os-artigos-indefinidos/1574

Salar

Alternative spelling

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tum-.

Pronunciation

  • (Jiezi, Gaizi, Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /tum/
  • (Jiezi, Gaizi, Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /tumu/
  • (Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /tumɨ/, /tomɨ/

Noun

dum

  1. to settle, precipitate (weather)
    Asman dumsa yağmur yağar.
    If sky coulds up, it rains.

Derived terms

References

  • 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “ɑsmɑn dumsɑ jɑʁmur jɑʁɑr”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎[3], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 66
  • Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “tum, tumu, tumy, tomy”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 513, 522-523
  • Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “dum-”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 93
  • 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016) “asman dumqïn gün”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages ​​- Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 260
  • Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “dum”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎[4], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 82

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.

Adjective

dum

  1. stupid; dumb
    Synonym: hoolich
  2. blindly
  3. dizzy

Derived terms

References

  • Marron C. Fort (2015) “dum”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian dumb, Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom and German dumm.

Pronunciation

Adjective

dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)

  1. stupid, dumb
  2. (childish) mean, cruel
    Han var dum mot mig!
    He was mean to me!

Declension

Inflection of dum
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular dum dummare dummast
Neuter singular dumt dummare dummast
Plural dumma dummare dummast
Masculine plural3 dumme dummare dummast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 dumme dummare dummaste
All dumma dummare dummaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Derived terms

Tausug

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *delem.

Noun

dum

  1. night

Uzbek

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic дум‍
Latin dum‍
Perso-Arabic
(Afghanistan)

Etymology

From Persian دم (dom).

Noun

dum (plural dumlar)

  1. tail
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