User:Hk5183/syriac

Summary table

The Syriac alphabet consists of the following letters, shown in their isolated (non-connected) forms. When isolated, the letters kāp̄, mīm, and mūn are usually shown with their initial form connected to their final form (see below). The letters ʾālep̄, dālaṯ, hē, waw, zayn, ṣāḏē, rēš and taw (and, in early ʾEsṭrangēlā manuscripts, the letter semkaṯ) do not connect to a following letter within a word; these are marked with an asterisk (*).

Letter						Sound Value (Classical Syriac)		Numerical Value	Phoenician Equivalent	Imperial Aramaic Equivalent	Hebrew Equivalent	Arabic Equivalent
Name	Translit.	ʾEsṭrangēlā	Maḏnḥāyā (eastern)	Serṭā (western)	Unicode (typing)	Transliteration	IPA
*ܐܠܦ	ʾĀlep̄ *Also pronounced ʾĀlap̄ or ʾOlaf (Sertoܐܳܠܰܦ) in Western Syriac.				ܐ	ʾ or null mater lectionis: ā	ʔ or ∅ mater lectionis: ɑ	1	𐤀 (ʾ)	𐡀	א	ا
ܒܝܬ	Bēṯ				ܒ	hard: b soft: ḇ (also bh, v or β)	hard: b soft: v or w	2	𐤁 (b)	𐡁	ב	ب
ܓܡܠ	Gāmal				ܓ	hard: g soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ or γ)	hard: ɡ soft: ɣ	3	𐤂 (g)	𐡂	ג	ج
*ܕܠܬ	Dālaṯ*				ܕ	hard: d soft: ḏ (also dh, ð or δ)	hard: d soft: ð	4	𐤃 (d)	𐡃	ד	د / ذ
*ܗܐ	He*				ܗ	h	h	5	𐤄 (h)	𐡄	ה	ه
*ܘܘ	Waw*				ܘ	consonant: w mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o)	consonant: w mater lectionis: u or o	6	𐤅 (w)	𐡅	ו	و
*ܙܝܢ	Zayin*				ܙ	z	z	7	𐤆 (z)	𐡆	ז	ز
ܚܝܬ	Ḥēṯ				ܚ	ḥ (also H, kh, x or ħ)	ħ, x or χ	8	𐤇 (ḥ)	𐡇	ח	ح
ܛܝܬ	Ṭēṯ				ܛ	ṭ (also T or ţ)	tˤ	9	phn|𐤈}}	𐡈	ט	ط
ܝܘܕ	Yodh				ܝ	consonant: y mater lectionis: ī (also i)	consonant: j mater lectionis: i or e	10	𐤉 (y)	𐡉	י	ي
ܟܦ	Kāp̄				ܟܟ	hard: k soft: ḵ (also kh or x)	hard: k soft: x	20	𐤊 (k)	𐡊	כ ך	ك
ܠܡܕ	Lāmaḏ				ܠ	l	l	30	𐤋	𐡋	ל	ل
ܡܝܡ	Mīm				ܡܡ	m	m	40	𐤌	𐡌	מ ם	م
ܢܘܢ	Nūn				ܢܢ	n	n	50	𐤍	𐡍	נ ן	ن
ܣܡܟܬ	Semkaṯ				ܣ	s	s	60	𐤎	𐡎	ס	س
ܥܐ	ʿĒ				ܥ	ʿ	ʕ Among most Assyrian Neo-Aramaic speakers, the pharyngeal sound of ʿĒ (ʕ) is not pronounced as such; rather, it typically merges into the plain sound of ʾĀlep̄ ([ʔ] or ∅) or geminates a previous consonant.	70	𐤏	𐡏	ע	ع
ܦܐ	Pe (Semitic letter)				ܦ	hard: p soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph or f)	hard: p soft: f	80	𐤐	𐡐	פ ף	ف
*ܨܕܐ	Ṣāḏē*				ܨ	ṣ (also S or ş)	sˤ	90	𐤑	𐡑	צ ץ	ص
ܩܘܦ	Qōp̄				ܩ	q (also ḳ)	q	100	𐤒	𐡒	ק	ق
*ܪܝܫ	Rēš*				ܪ	r	r	200	𐤓	𐡓	ר	ر
ܫܝܢ	Šīn				ܫ	š (also sh)	ʃ	300	𐤔	𐡔	ש	س / ش
*ܬܘ	Taw*				ܬ	hard: t soft: ṯ (also th or θ)	hard: t soft: θ	400	𐤕	𐡕	ת	ت / ث

Aleph (Hebrew)א	Bet ב	Gime ג	Daled ד	He ה	Vav ו	Zayin ז	Heth ח	Teth ט	Yod י	Kaph כ]]/ ך
										/
Lamed ל	Mem מ / ם	Nun נ]]/ ן	Samekh ס	Ayin ע	Pe פ / ף	Tsadi צ / ץ	Qof ק	Resh ר	Shin ש	Tav ת
	/	/			/	/

Note: Final forms are to the left of the initial/medial forms.

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Ancestral scripts and script variants

Letter		Name	Scripts
			Hebrew						Ancestral					European																				Related																	Indic
			cursive Hebrew		Rashi script		Estrangela		Syriac (Western)	Serto	Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician	Paleo-Hebrew alphabet	Aramaic alphabet	Greek alphabet	Laconian Greek	Ithaca Greek	Rhodes Greek	Euboean Greek	Megaran Greek	Corinthian Greek	Cretan Greek	Lydian	Lycian	Phrygian	Etruscan	Oscan	Lepontic	South Picene	Camunic	Elder futhark	Younger futhark	Latin alphabet	Cyrillic script	Arabic alphabet	Ancient South Arabian script	Ancient North Arabian	Ge'ez script	Ugaritic alphabet	Libyco-berber alphabet	tifinagh alphabet	Punic language	Palmyrene alphabet	Hatran aramaic	Mandaic alphabet	Nabataean script	Inscriptional Pahlavi	Inscriptional Parthian	Psalter Pahlavi	Samaritan script	Manichaean script	Brahmi script	Kharosthi script	Sogdian script	Avestan script
א		Aleph												Αα								𐤠	𐊀		𐌀		𐌀	𐌀		ᚨ	ᚬ ᚭ	Aa	Аа	ا	𐩱	𐪑‎	አ	𐎀				𐡠	𐣠	ࡀ	𐢀	𐭠	𐭀	𐮀	ࠀ	𐫀				𐭠
ב		Bet (letter)												Ββ								𐤡	𐊂	Β				𐌁		ᛒ	ᛒ, ᛓ	Bb	Бб Вв	ﺑ ﺏ	𐩨	𐪈	በ	𐎁				𐡡	𐣡	ࡁ	𐢂	𐭡	𐭁	𐮁	ࠁ	𐫁		𐨦
ג		Gimel												Γγ								𐤢	𐊄	Γ				𐌂		ᚲ	ᚴ	Cc Gg	Гг	ﺟ ﺝ	𐩴	𐪔‎‎	ገ	𐎂				𐡢	𐣢	ࡂ‎	𐢄	𐭢	𐭂	𐮂	ࠂ	𐫃		𐨒
ד		Daleth												Δδ					Δ	Δ	Δ	𐤣	𐊅	Δ Λ				𐌃		, ᛞ		Dd	Дд	دذ	𐩵	𐪕	ደ	𐎄				𐡣	𐣣	ࡃ		𐭣	𐭃	𐮃				𐨡
ה		he (letter)												Εε								𐤤	𐊆	Ε			𐌄	𐌄				Ee	Ее Єє	ه هـ ـهـ ـه	𐩠	𐪀	ሀ	𐎅	-			𐡤	𐣤	ࡄ	𐢆 𐢇	𐭤	𐭄	𐮄
ו		waw (letter)						Template:bc						Υυ Ϝϝ			-					𐤥	𐊇	F			𐌅	𐌅				FfUuVv WwYy	Ѵѵ Уу	ﻭ	𐩥	𐪅‎	ወ	𐎆				𐡥	𐣥‎	ࡅ‎	𐢈‎	𐭥	𐭅	𐮅
ז		Zayin												Ζζ					-			𐤦	𐊈	ᛏ Φ Ͳ			𐌆					Zz	Зз	ﺯ	𐩸	𐪘	ዘ	𐎇				𐡦	𐣦‎	ࡆ	𐢉‎	𐭦	𐭆	𐮆
ח		Heth (letter)												Ηη	-	-		-	-	-		𐤧	𐊛					𐌇				Hh	Ии	ﺣﺡ or خ	𐩢	𐪂	ሐ	𐎈				𐡧	𐣧‎	ࡇ	𐢊‎	𐭧	𐭇	𐮇
ט		Teth												Θθ									𐊉				𐌈					–	Ѳѳ	ﻁ	𐩷	𐪗	ጠ	𐎉				𐡨‎	𐣨‎	ࡈ	𐢋‎	𐭨	𐭈	𐮈‎
י		yodh												Ιι	ι	ι	ι	ι	ι				𐊊									Jj Ii	Јј Іі	ﻳ ﻱ	𐩺	𐪚	የ	𐎊				𐡩‎	𐣩	ࡉ	𐢌‎	𐭩	𐭉
כ	ך	Kaf						Template:bc						Κκ									𐊋				𐌊	𐌊				Kk	Кк	ﻛ ﻙ	𐩫	𐪋	ከ	𐎋				𐡪	𐣪	ࡊ		𐭪	𐭊
ל		Lamedh												Λλ									𐊍				𐌋	𐌋		ᛚ		Ll	Лл	ﻟ ﻝ	𐩡	𐪁	ለ	𐎍				𐡫	𐣫	ࡋ‎	𐢐‎ 𐢑	𐭫	𐭋	𐮊
מ	ם	Mem (letter)												Μμ									𐊎				𐌌	𐌌		ᛗ	ᛘ, ᛙ	Mm	Мм	ﻣ ﻡ	𐩣	𐪃	መ	𐎎				𐡬‎ 𐡭‎	𐣬	ࡌ	𐢒 𐢓	𐭬	𐭌
נ	ן	Nun (letter)												Νν									𐊏				𐌍	𐌍		ᚾ	ᚾ ᚿ	Nn	Нн	ﻧ ﻥ	𐩬	𐪌	ነ	𐎐				𐡮‎	𐣭‎	ࡍ	𐢑‎
ס		Samekh												Ξξ Χχ	-	-	-	-	-	-	-											Ss or Xx	Ѯѯ Хх	ص or س	𐩯	𐪏		𐎒				𐡯	𐣮	ࡎ	𐢖
ע		Ayin												Οο	Ο	Ο	Ο	Ο	Ο	Ο	Ο		𐊒									Oo	Оо	ﻋ ع غـ غ	𐩲	𐪒	ዐ	𐎓	-			𐡰	𐣯‎	ࡏ	𐢗
פ	ף	Pe (Semitic letter)						Template:bc						Ππ									𐊓				𐌐	𐌐				Pp	Пп	ﻓ ﻑ	𐩰	𐪐	ፈ	𐎔				𐣰		ࡐ
צ	ץ	Tsadi											,	Ϻϻ	-	Ϻ	-	-	-	Ϻ	Ϻ		𐊔									–	Цц Чч	ﺻ ص ضـ ض	𐩮	𐪎‎	ጸ	𐎕				𐡲‎	𐣱	ࡑ‎	𐢙‎
ק		Qoph												Ϙϙ	-	ϙ	ϙ	ϙ	-	ϙ	ϙ							𐌒				Qq	Ҁҁ	ﻗ ﻕ	𐩤	𐪄‎	ቀ	𐎖	?			𐡳	𐣲	ࡒ‎	𐢚‎
ר		Resh												Ρρ									𐊕	Ρ			𐌓	𐌓		ᚱ	ᚱ	Rr	Рр	ﺭ	𐩧	𐪇	ረ	𐎗				𐡴	𐣽‎	ࡓ	𐢛				ࠓ	𐫡
ש		Shin (letter)						Template:bc						Σσς		-	Σ		Σ	-	-		𐊖									Ss	Сс Шш	سـ س شـ ش	𐩦	𐪆‎	ሠ	𐎘
ת		Taw						Template:bc						Ττ	Τ	Τ	Τ	Τ	Τ	Τ	Τ	𐊗										Tt	Тт	ﺗ ﺕ ﺛ ﺙ	𐩩	𐪉	ተ	𐎚				𐡶	𐣿	ࡕ	𐢞				ࠕ	𐫤