crane

See also: Crane, crâne, and crâné

English

A crane (bird).

A crane (mechanical).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɹeɪn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪn

Etymology 1

From Middle English cran, from Old English cran (“crane”), from Proto-West Germanic *kran, from Proto-Germanic *kranô (“crane”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”).

Cognate with Scots cran (“crane”), Dutch kraan (“crane”), German Kran (“crane”). The mechanical devices are named from their likeness to the bird.

Noun

crane (plural cranes)

1. Any bird of the family Gruidae, large birds with long legs and a long neck which is extended during flight.
   • 1876, "Burmah" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. IV, p. 552:

     Aquatic birds of various kinds are very numerous, such as geese, darters (Flotus melanogaster), scissor-bills (Rhynchops nigra), adjutants (Leptoptilos argala), pelicans, cormorants, cranes (Grus antigone, in Burmese gyoja), whimbrels, plovers, and ibises.

2. (US, dialect) Ardea herodias, the great blue heron.
3. A mechanical lifting machine or device, often used for lifting heavy loads for industrial or construction purposes.
   • 2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 111:

     Large cranes were virtually non-existent in the areas I worked with this truck, so we jacked everything on and off[.]

4. An iron arm with horizontal motion, attached to the side or back of a fireplace for supporting kettles etc. over the fire.
5. A siphon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out of a cask.
6. (nautical) A forked post or projecting bracket to support spars, etc.; generally used in pairs.

Hyponyms

• Gruidae on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

Derived terms

(Lifting devices):

• gantry crane
• mobile crane
• overhead crane

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• steam crane
• travelling crane

Birds

• Australian crane (Antigone rubicunda, syn. Grus rubicunda)
• black crested crane (Balearica pavonina)
• black crowned crane (Balearica pavonina)
• black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis)
• blue crane (Grus paradisea)
• common crane (Grus grus)
• demoiselle crane (Grus virgo)
• grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum)
• hooded crane (Grus monacha)
• paradise crane (Grus paradisea)
• red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis)
• sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis)
• sarus crane (Antigone antigone, syn. Grus antigone)
• Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus)
• Stanley crane (Grus paradisea)
• wattled crane (Grus carunculata)
• white-naped crane (Antigone vipio)
• whooping crane (Grus americana)

 

(Other):

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cranefly (Tipulomorpha)

Related terms

• cranberry, via German Low German Kraan (“crane”)

Descendants

• → Burmese: ကရိန်း (ka.rin:)
• → Hindi: क्रेन (kren)
• → Irish: craein
• → Japanese: クレーン (kurēn)
• → Korean: 크레인 (keurein)
• → Malay: kren
• → Maori: kareni
• → Tagalog: kreyn
• → Thai: เครน (kreen)

Translations

bird

• Afrikaans: kraanvoël (af)
• Albanian: kurrillë (sq), tojë (sq)
• Arabic: كُرْكِيّ‎ m (kurkiyy), غُرْنُوق‎ m (ḡurnūq)
• Aragonese: gruda
• Armenian: կռունկ (hy) (kṙunk)
• Assamese: বগ (bog), বগলী (bogoli)
• Azerbaijani: durna (az)
• Bashkir: торна (torna)
• Basque: please add this translation if you can
• Bats: წჵერაჼ (c̣ōerã)
• Belarusian: жураве́ль m (žuravjélʹ)
• Bengali: সারস (śarôś)
• Bulgarian: жера́в (bg) m (žeráv)
• Catalan: grua (ca) f
• Chechen: гӏарагӏули (ġaraġuli)
• Cherokee: ᎧᎾᏍᎦᏫ (kanasgawi)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 鶴, 鹤 (hok⁶)

  Mandarin: 鶴 (zh), 鹤 (zh) (hè)

• Chukchi: ӄэтчаӈыр (qėtčaṇyr)
• Chuvash: тӑрна (tărna)
• Czech: jeřáb (cs) m
• Danish: trane (da) c
• Dutch: kraanvogel (nl) m, kraan (nl) m
• Egyptian: (ḏꜣt f)
• Esperanto: gruo (eo)
• Estonian: kurg (et)
• Faroese: trani m
• Finnish: kurki (fi)
• French: grue (fr) f
• Galician: grou (gl) m, grúa (gl) f
• Georgian: წერო (c̣ero)
• German: Kranich (de) m
• Greek: γερανός (el) m (geranós)

  Ancient: γέρανος m (géranos)

• Greenlandic: qarluutitoorsuaq
• Hebrew: עָגוּר‎ (he) m (agúr)
• Hiligaynon: dogwak
• Hindi: सारस (hi) m (sāras)
• Hungarian: daru (hu)
• Icelandic: trana f
• Indonesian: bangau (id)
• Irish: grús m, corr f, corr mhóna f
• Italian: gru (it) f
• Japanese: 鶴 (ja) (つる, tsuru), ツル (ja) (tsuru)
• Kazakh: тырна (tyrna)
• Komi-Permyak: тури (turi)
• Korean: 두루미 (ko) (durumi), 학(鶴) (ko) (hak)
• Kumyk: турна (turna)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: قۆڵەنگ‎ (qolleng)

• Kyrgyz: каркыра (qarqıra)
• Latgalian: dzērve f
• Latin: grūs m or f
• Latvian: dzērve (lv) f
• Lithuanian: gervė (lt) f

• Low German:

  German Low German: Kraan m, Kroon m, Kraun m

• Luhya: ekolongolo
• Macedonian: жерав m (žerav)
• Malay: burung jenjang
• Maltese: għarnuq, grawwa f
• Manchu: ᠪᡠᠯᡝᡥᡝᠨ (bulehen)
• Manx: coar f
• Maori: kareni
• Mi'kmaq: tmgwatignej anim
• Mingrelian: წერო (c̣ero)
• Mongolian: тогоруу (mn) (togoruu)
• Nahuatl: quetzalaztatl
• Nanticoke: ah!secque
• Navajo: dééł
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: trane (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: trane f

• Occitan: grua (oc) f
• Old English: cran m
• Old Prussian: gerwe
• Pashto: زاڼۍ‎ f (zānnəi)
• Persian: درنا‎ (fa) (dornâ), کلنگ‎ (fa) (kolang) (archaic)
• Plautdietsch: Kraunkje n
• Polish: żuraw (pl) m
• Portuguese: grou (pt)
• Romanian: cocor (ro) m, grui (ro) m
• Russian: жура́вль (ru) m (žurávlʹ)
• Sanskrit: बक (sa) m (baka), सारस (sa) m (sārasa)
• Scottish Gaelic: corra-mhonaidh f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ждра̑л m, жѐра̄в m

  Roman: ždrȃl (sh) m, žèrāv (sh) m

• Shor: туруна (turuna)
• Slovak: žeriav m
• Slovene: žerjav (sl) m
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: žorawa f

• Southern Altai: турна (turna)
• Spanish: grulla (es) f
• Svan: წა̈̄რუ̂ (c̣ǟrû), მჷყრო̄ნტ (məq̇rōnṭ)
• Swahili: korongo (sw)
• Swedish: trana (sv) c
• Tajik: турна (turna)
• Tamil: கொக்கு (ta) (kokku)
• Tatar: торна (tt) (torna)
• Telugu: కొంగ (te) (koṅga)
• Thai: กระเรียน (th) (grà-riian)
• Turkish: turna (tr)
• Udmurt: тури (turi)
• Ukrainian: жураве́ль m (žuravélʹ)
• Vietnamese: sếu (vi) (鶮), hạc (vi) (鶴)
• Volapük: grud (vo), glulit (obsolete)
• Welsh: garan, crëyr m, crehyrod m pl
• Yakut: туруйа (turuya)

machinery

• Albanian: vinç (sq)
• Arabic: رَافِعَة‎ f (rāfiʿa)
• Armenian: վերամբարձ կռունկ (verambarj kṙunk)
• Azerbaijani: kran
• Basque: garabi (eu)
• Belarusian: кран m (kran)
• Bengali: কপিকল (kôpikôl)
• Bulgarian: кран (bg) (kran)
• Burmese: ကရိန်း (my) (ka.rin:), ဝန်ချီစက် (my) (wanhkyicak)
• Catalan: grua (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 吊車 (zh), 吊车 (zh) (diàochē), 起重機 (zh), 起重机 (zh) (qǐzhòngjī)

• Czech: jeřáb (cs) m
• Danish: kran (da) c
• Dutch: hijskraan (nl) m or f, kraan (nl) m or f, hefkraan (nl) m or f
• Estonian: kraana
• Finnish: nosturi (fi), nostokurki (fi)
• French: grue (fr) f
• Galician: guindastre (gl) m
• Georgian: ამწე (amc̣e), ამწეკრანი (amc̣eḳrani)
• German: Kran (de) m
• Greek: γερανός (el) m (geranós)
• Gujarati: ઊંટડો (ū̃ṭaḍo)
• Hebrew: עֲגוּרָן‎ (he) m (agurán), מָנוֹף‎ (he) m (manóf)
• Hindi: क्रेन m (kren)
• Hungarian: daru (hu)
• Icelandic: krani m
• Indonesian: katrol (id), kran (id)
• Irish: craein f
• Italian: gru (it) f
• Japanese: クレーン (ja) (kurēn), 起重機 (ja) (きじゅうき, kijūki)
• Kazakh: кран (kk) (kran)
• Khmer: រថស្ទូច (rŭətstuuc), ម៉ាស៊ីនស្ទូច (maasiin stuuc), ត្រាក់ទ័រស្ទូច (traktɔəstuuc)

• Korean: 기중기(起重機) (ko) (gijunggi), 크레인 (ko) (keurein)
• Kyrgyz: кран (qran)
• Latin: tollēnō m, polyspaston n
• Latvian: celtnis m
• Lithuanian: kranas m
• Low German:

  German Low German: Kraan m, Kroon m

• Macedonian: кран m (kran)
• Malay: kren
• Maori: tokorangi
• Mongolian: кран (mn) (kran)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kran (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: kran f, krane m

• Persian: جر ثقیل‎
• Polish: dźwig (pl) m, żuraw (pl) m
• Portuguese: guindaste (pt), grua (pt) f
• Romanian: macara (ro) f
• Russian: кран (ru) m (kran), подъёмный кран (ru) m (podʺjómnyj kran)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ди̏залица f

  Roman: dȉzalica (sh) f

• Slovak: žeriav m
• Slovene: žerjav (sl) m
• Spanish: grúa (es) f
• Swedish: kran (sv) c
• Tagalog: grua, kreyn, tipol
• Tajik: кран (kran)
• Thai: เครน (th) (kreen), ปั้นจั่น (th) (bpân-jàn)
• Turkish: vinç (tr)
• Turkmen: kran
• Ukrainian: кран m (kran), двигу́н (uk) m (dvyhún)
• Uyghur: كران‎ (kran)
• Uzbek: kran (uz)
• Vietnamese: cần cẩu (vi)
• Volapük: krän (vo)

See also

• egret
• heron
• stork

Verb

crane (third-person singular simple present cranes, present participle craning, simple past and past participle craned)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To extend (one's neck).
   • 2008, Rivers Cuomo (lyrics and music), “Troublemaker”, in Weezer (Red Album), performed by Weezer:

     I'm gonna be a star and people will crane necks
     To get a glimpse of me and see if I am having sex

   • 1879, George Eliot, Impressions of Theophrastus Such

     and my bachelor's hearth is imbedded where by much craning of head and neck I can catch sight of a sycamore in the Square garden,

2. (transitive) To raise or lower with, or as if with, a crane.
   • 1693, William Bates, Sermons preach'd on Several Occasions:

     What engines, what instruments are used in craning up a soul, sunk below the centre, to the highest heavens.

   • 1619, Philip Massinger and Nathan Field, The Fatal Dowry

     an upstart craned up to the height he has

3. (intransitive) To pull up before a jump.

Translations

to extend (one's neck)

• Arabic: رَفَعَ‎ (ar) (rafaʿa)
• Bulgarian: протягам (bg) (protjagam), проточвам (bg) (protočvam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 伸长 (zh),探头 (zh)

• Finnish: kurkottaa (kaulaansa)
• French: étirer (le cou)
• German: den Hals recken

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} allungare (il collo)
• Maori: whātinotino, whakaneinei, whātare, whātaretare, whakataretare
• Romanian: întinde (gâtul)
• Russian: вытя́гивать (ru) (vytjágivatʹ)
• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} estirar (el cuello)
• Swahili: songeza

Etymology 2

From Middle English crane, cranee, from Old French cran, from Medieval Latin crānium.

Noun

crane (plural cranes)

1. (obsolete) The cranium.

Anagrams

• Caren, Carne, Cerna, Crean, Nérac, Rance, caner, caren, crena, nacre, nacré, rance, recan

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Middle English

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English cran, *crana.

Alternative forms

• krane, cranne, craane, crone, craune

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkraːn(ə)/, /kran/

Noun

crane (plural cranes)

2. crane (bird)
3. crane (machine)

Derived terms

• cranage

Descendants

• English: crane (see there for further descendants)
• Scots: cran

References

• “crāne, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-07.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old French cran, from Medieval Latin crānium.

Alternative forms

• cranee

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kraːn/

Noun

crane

2. cranium

Descendants

• English: crane (obsolete)

References

• “crāne, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-07.